Cell Continuity

Define Continuity

The ability to exist from one generation to the next

Define Chromosome

Structure made of DNA and protein which

can be inherited

Define Chromatin

Chromosomes when they are not dividing

Define Gene

Section of DNA that contains the instructions for the formation of a protein

Define Haploid Cell (n)

Cell which contains one of every chromosome type or pair

Name 2 examples of haploid cells

Eggs

Sperm

How many haploid cells do Eggs and Sperm have?

23

Define Diploid Cell (2n)

Cell which contains two of each type of chromosome

How many diploid cells / chromosomes do Humans have?

46

Name the stages of the cell cycle

Interphase

Mitosis

Differentiate between Interphase and Mitosis

Interphase - cell not dividing

Mitosis - cell is diving

How much of the cell cycle does Interphase take up?

90%

List out the steps of Interphase (in order)

1. Transcription

2. Uncoiling

3. Chromosomes double

4. New Organelles

Define Mitosis

Form of cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to parent cell

Where does Mitosis occur?

In somatic cells

Define the function of Mitosis in Unicellular cells

Reproduction

Define the function of Mitosis in Multicellular cells

Growth and repair

How does cell division occur in animal cells?

Cleavage furrow

How does cell division occur in plant cells?

Cell plate

List out the stages of Mitosis (in order)

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

Define what occurs during Prophase

Spindle fibres form in the cytoplasm

Define what occurs during Metaphase

• Chromosomes line up in equator

• Spindle fibres attach to to centromere

Define what occurs during Anaphase

Spindle fibres pull chromosomes apart

Define what occurs during Telophase

Nucleus is divided into two identical Nuclei

Name this stage of Mitosis

Prophase

Name this stage of Mitosis

Metaphase

Name this stage of Mitosis

Anaphase

Name this stage of Mitosis

Telophase

Define Meiosis

Form of cell division that produces four genetically different daughter cells that half the chromosomes of parent cell

Name 2 places where Meiosis occurs

Ovaries

Testis

Define Gametes

Sex cells

Name 2 functions of Meiosis

• Sexual reproduction

• Variation

Differentiate between Meiosis and Mitosis

Meiosis

4 daughter cells

Mitosis

2 daughter cells

Define Cancer

Cells that have lost the ability to control the rate of mitosis causing a group of disorders

Differentiate between the types of Cancer

Benign - not threatening

Malignant tumours - threatening

Name a cause of Cancer

Carcinogens

Name an example of Carcinogens

Cigarettes