APUSH - Period 7 part 4 IDs

McNary-Haugen Bill

A proposed legislation aimed at maintaining high agricultural prices by supporting farmers.

Dawes Plan

A plan to resolve reparations in a way that Germany could manage its payments and revive its economy.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

A protective import tariff enacted in 1930 that raised duties on many imports, exacerbating the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933, during the onset of the Great Depression.

Buying on the margin

Purchasing stocks with borrowed funds, increasing potential profits but also potential losses.

Bonus Army

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early payment of bonuses.

Dust Bowl

An environmental disaster during the 1930s that caused severe dust storms, largely affecting the Great Plains.

Black Tuesday

The stock market crash of October 29, 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns named after President Hoover, where homeless people lived during the Great Depression.

FDR’s 3 R’s for the New Deal

Relief, Recovery, and Reform aimed at addressing the Great Depression.

“Brain Trust”

A group of advisors to Franklin D. Roosevelt who helped formulate New Deal policies.

bank holiday/Emergency Banking Act

Legislation that closed banks for a short period to stabilize the banking system during the Great Depression.

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

An act that separated commercial banking from investment banking to protect depositors.

“Fireside Chats”

Radio broadcasts by FDR to communicate directly with the American public during the Great Depression.

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

Provided direct relief for the needy, including food and shelter, during the Great Depression.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

An agency created to insure bank deposits, restoring public confidence in the banking system.

National Labor Relations Act (NLRB/Wagner Act)

Protected the rights of workers to organize and engage in collective bargaining.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

A New Deal agency that funded large-scale public works projects to create jobs.

Harold Ickes

The Secretary of the Interior under FDR, known for his role in the New Deal programs.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A New Deal law aimed at raising agricultural prices by limiting production.

Farm Credit Act (FCA)

Provided loans to farmers to help them refinance their farm mortgages.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

A law designed to stimulate industrial growth and improve labor conditions.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A public work relief program that employed young men in environmental conservation projects.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A federal agency created to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

A New Deal program that provided jobs in public works to millions of unemployed.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

An agency that provided jobs through government-funded projects in construction and the arts.

Harry Hopkins

A key advisor to FDR and head of the Works Progress Administration.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A New Deal agency aimed at recovering the economy by regulating industry and raising wages.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

An agency created to regulate the stock market and protect investors.

Social Security Act (SSA)

Legislation that established a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance.

Federal Communications Commission (FEC)

An independent agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.

Conservatism

A political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional institutions.

Classical Liberalism

A political ideology advocating for civil liberties under the rule of law with limited government.

FDR Liberalism

A political philosophy associated with FDR that emphasized government intervention in the economy.

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory that advocates for active government intervention to manage economic cycles.

American Liberty League

A bipartisan organization formed in 1934 to oppose the New Deal and promote individual liberties.

Schecter v. U.S.

A Supreme Court case that ruled the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional.

Father Charles Coughlin

A controversial priest and radio host who criticized FDR and the New Deal.

Huey Long

A Louisiana politician who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' program to redistribute wealth.

“Share Our Wealth”

A movement initiated by Huey Long advocating for wealth redistribution to alleviate poverty.

Francis Townsend

An American physician known for his Townsend Plan advocating for elderly pensions.

Townsend Plan

A proposal that called for monthly pensions for the elderly to stimulate the economy.

AFL/CIO

Two major labor organizations that merged to strengthen the labor movement in the U.S.

Wagner Act

Another name for the National Labor Relations Act, strengthening labor rights.

Fair Labor Standards Act

A federal law that established minimum wage, overtime pay, and youth employment standards.

Aid to Dependent Children

A program providing financial assistance to families with children in need.

Court Packing Scheme

FDR's proposal to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court to secure favorable rulings.

Rural Electrification Administration

An agency aimed at providing electrical power to rural areas.

Frances Perkins

The first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet, serving as Secretary of Labor under FDR.

Role of Eleanor Roosevelt in change

Eleanor Roosevelt advocated for civil rights, women's issues, and became an influential political figure.

Rise of Southern Democratic leaders

A shift in political power towards Southern Democrats during the New Deal era.

African-Americans and Social Security Act

The exclusion of many African Americans from the benefits of the Social Security Act.

New Deal and Mexican-Americans

The New Deal included programs that both benefited and marginalized Mexican Americans.

Shift in African American voting practices

During the New Deal, many African Americans shifted support from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.

Indian Reorganization Act

Legislation aimed at restoring tribal sovereignty and reducing federal control of Native American affairs.

Mary McLeod Bethune

An educator and civil rights leader who served as an advisor to FDR on minority affairs.

Federal Housing Policy

Policies established to provide affordable housing during the Great Depression.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR's foreign policy aimed at improving relations with Latin American countries.

appeasement

The policy of conceding to aggression in order to maintain peace.

Munich Conference

A meeting in 1938 where European leaders agreed to allow Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia.

Rise of Mussolini and Ethiopia

Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, showcasing the failures of international diplomacy.

Japan and Manchuria

Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 marked its aggressive militaristic expansion leading up to WWII.

Stimson Doctrine

A U.S. policy stating it would not recognize territorial changes made by force.

Quarantine Speech

FDR's 1937 speech advocating for a quarantine of aggressor nations to maintain peace.

Nye investigation

An investigation that explored the financial motives behind U.S. involvement in WWI.

Neutrality Acts (3)

Legislation aimed at preventing the U.S. from being drawn into overseas conflicts during the 1930s.

Soviet-Nazi Non-Aggression Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)

A 1939 agreement between the USSR and Nazi Germany to avoid military confrontation.

“Cash and Carry”

A policy allowing warring nations to purchase U.S. arms if they paid upfront and transported them.

Battle of Britain

An extended military campaign in 1940 where the Royal Air Force defended against the German Luftwaffe.

“Destroyers for Bases” deal

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain during WWII, exchanging naval destroyers for base rights.

America First Committee

A group established in 1940 to oppose American intervention in WWII.

Charles Lindbergh

A famous aviator and leader of the America First Committee who opposed U.S. involvement in WWII.

Lend-Lease Act

A program under which the U.S. supplied Allied nations with war material during WWII.

Operation Barbarossa

Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, breaking the non-aggression pact.

Atlantic Charter

A policy statement released in 1941 by the U.S. and Britain outlining post-war goals.

Japanese leadup to Pearl Harbor

A series of aggressive actions by Japan leading up to the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.