Chapter 34: Plant Form and Function

Non photosynthetic cells

found in roots, seeds, flower petals, and other locations may have organelles that are similar to chloroplasts but are specialized for storing pigments, starch, oils, or proteins.

secondary growth

In trees and other woody plants, increases the width of roots and shoots.

apical meristems

All of the cells and tissues that are derived directly from constitute the primary plant body.

Vacuoles

store various compounds, including wastes, and in some cases, they digest wastes, as do animal lysosomes.

Rain

is abundant enough in these areas to support a lush growth of herbaceous plants- seed plants at lack woody tissue- yet scarce enough to exclude trees and most shrubs.

Chloroplasts

are, all importantly, the site of photosynthesis.

aboveground portion

A(n) called the shoot system harvests light and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce sugars, while a belowground portion called the root system anchors the plant and takes in water and nutrients from the soil.

pneumatophores of mangroves

The in the genus Avicennia are specialized lateral roots that function in gas exchange.

division of apical meristem

The cells, and differentiation of those cells, is responsible for primary growth, which is common to all plants.

Apical meristems

are located near the tip of each root and shoot.

apical meristems

As cells in divide, enlarge, and differentiate, root and shoot tips extend the plant body outward, allowing it to explore new space.

Rain is abundant enough in these areas to support a lush growth of herbaceous plants-seed plants at lack woody tissue

yet scarce enough to exclude trees and most shrubs

aboveground portion

the shoot system harvests light and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce sugars

perennial

they live for many years

phenotypic plasticity

their form is changeable, depending on environmental conditions

adventitious

they develop from an unusual source, the shoot system instead of the root system

anchor roots

adventitious roots at grow from nodes in the shoot system

prop roots

adventitious roots that help brace individuals in windy weather

pneumatophores

specialized lateral roots that function in gas exchange

Chloroplasts

the site of photosynthesis

Vacuoles

store various compounds, including wastes, and in some cases they digest wastes, as do animal lysosomes