Chapter 15 Lecture Slides

What are self theories?

Theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self, or search to maintain one’s integrity and identity

How are the Big Five personality traits linked to aging?

traits are stable from emerging adulthood throughout life

traits expression becomes limited with diminished control of time, wealth, and physical ailments 

emotional stability/ agreeableness increases with age; neuroticism (anxiety, fear) is reduce

What is the continuity theory of aging?

people want to stay who they are and see more stability in themselves and thei future, seek to preserve the self even when memory fades

moral identity increasingly reflects internal more than external values

What is the final stage of Erik Eriksons developmental sequence?

integrity versus despair

How is integrity achieved?

people learn from their life histories (values, strategies, and opinions)

through integration of death and the self

How do older people maintain their past?

refusing to move to better or safer dwelling

refusing medical treatment

keeping obsolete objects and papers

What is compulsive hoarding?

most severe and prealent in late adulthood arises from desire to maintain self

What non-physical entites are hoarded and repeated as part of the self?

memories ad mantras

What is the socioemotional selectivity theory?

older people select familiar social contacts who reinforce their generativity, pride, and joy

What is the stratification trend amongest older adults?

focus on moving people away from specifies of their lives and to considering national or global trends

Industrialized nations segregate elderly people which _______.

gradually shunts them out of the mainstream society as they grow older, causing socialization deficits for members of all age groups. 

What can stratification focus on?

marginalized groups, age, gender, ethnicity, intersectionality 

What is the disengegement theory?

aging increasingly narrows a person’s social sphere, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal, and passivity

What is the activity theory?

elderly people want and need to remain active in various social spheres, with relatives, friends, and community groups, and become withdrawn only unwillingly, due to ageism. 

What does factors does retirment depend on?

aws, income, specifices or their work, and family

What are considerations for continued work or retirement?

Social Security income adequacy

ntrinsic rewards of work

Part-time; self-employment; bridge jobs

Family; roles in the family

Past occupation; physical ability; expertise

Social context, norms, attitudes

Feeling stereotyped at work

Who volunteers for organizations more? older adults or middle-aged adults?

middle-ages adults

Religous involvement increases or decreases with age?

increases, religious faith and activity correlate with physical and emotional health in late adulthood, especially for minorities and immigrants. 

What can long term partnerships aid in?

problems with old age, married adults are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people

What results from intergenerational relationships?

fewer childern

What is the most common family generation graph shape?

bean-pole, with a few members at each level

What is Filial responsibility?

the legal and ethical obligation of adult children to provide for their aging or incapacitated parents, often including financial and emotional support, and ensuring access to essentials like food, shelter, and medical care

How many U.S. elders above the age of 65 are grandparents?

85%

How important is friendship in late adulthood?

very important, causes increase in well-being in adulthood and old age

although, solitude is NOT necessarily harmful

What is a signifcant marker for medical insurance and public health experts?

self-care

What does IADLs refer to?

instrumental activites of daily life, requires intellectual competence and forethought

• managing medical care

• Food preparation

  Transportation

  Communication

  Maintaining household

  Managing one’s finance

What does ADLs refer to?

Actions that are important to independent living, typically identified as five tasks of self-care:

 Dressing

 Eating

 Ambulating (moving)

 Toileting

 Hygiene (bathing)

Mortality increases if a person cannot perform ADLs.

What does frailty refer to?

people 65+ who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled

• inactive, with low energy, weight lost among men, extreme fatigue among women

• risk of needing nursing home care within 5 years

• muscle weakness, grip strength decreased

• brittle and fragile bones

• balance decrease

What prevents fraility?

activity

Older adults prefer to age in place, what helps this?

universal design and age-friendly neighborhoods

What is a NORC?

naturally occurring retirement community

a population that is mostly retired who moved to the location as younger adults and never left, 

the neighborhood keeps individuals active and health

bonus points if communties are next to college campuses

Filial responsibility? Who is it?

approaches vary by country; Northern Europe has public support, Africa relies on families, Asia emphasizes daughters' roles.

Different perspectives on elder care lead to family disagreements and societal tensions.

What is inegrated care?

family members and professionals cooperate to provide individualized care to improve overall attitude and life quality for caregivers

What causes elder abuse to become more common?

if a caregiver suffers from emotional problems or substance abuse, care reveiver is frail, confused, and demanding, care location is isolated

What causes elder care is be less likely?

care is introduced in timely and appropriate manner, staffing and supervision are adequate, public and personal safety nets exist

When does caregiving of a confused person become abuse?

lack of “valid, reliable screening tools in the primary care setting to identify abuse of older or vulnerable adults without recognized signs and symptoms of abuse.”

What to look for in a long-term care facility?

1. How good are the direct-care staff? How long have they worked at this institution, how well are they paid, what training do they have? Are they overworked and rushed, or do they have time to develop a relationship with each resident? Talk directly to them and also get overall data — exact numbers that indicate answers to these questions.

2. How happy, healthy, and active are the residents? Talk to them and observe them in various activities — music, art, exercise, sports, education, and so on.

3. How connected is the facility to the outside world? Are there restrictions on visitors? Do outsiders present various programs? Do residents go to local stores, churches, movies? Again, ask for specific dates and numbers.

4. Can you imagine living there? Sit for an hour and use all your senses. Consider smells, sounds, sights, tastes. Do you feel better or worse after an hour?

What are assisted living options for the elderly?

Personalized, home-like environments with varying levels of support

How are nursing homes different from other living options?

primarily serves the odlest-old with significant cognitive and medical challenges, has skilled staff or quality care

substantial disparities in care quaility across regions

some vulnerabilities, as unerscored by COVID, especially in for-profit facilities with Medicaid-dependent patients.