Path Midterm

A- (An-)

without

Angio

vessel

Crypto

hidden

Dys

bad

Mega

large

Meta

after, between

Tele

toward the end

-algia

pain

-ectasia

expansion

-genic

production

-oid

similar

-philia

affinity for

-rhea

flow

-rhexis

rupture

The terms "idiopathic" and "essential" refer only to

a. endogenous diseases
b. syndromes
c. disease of unknown cause
d. results of laboratory tests
e. demonstrable histologic change

disease of unknown cause

The term "history" is associated with

a. causes
b. lesions
c. symptoms
d. signs
e. laboratory abnormalities

symptoms

In the United States, which of the following represents the leading cause of death for the whole population?

a. cancer
b. cardiovascular disease
c. accidents
d. infections
e. emphysema

cardiovascular disease

By definition, demonstrable lesions are present in patients with:

a. functional disease
b. organic disease
c. genetic disease
d. molecular disease

organic disease

The sign most closely related to pain is

a. swelling
b. redness
c. induration
d. tenderness
e. emesis

tenderness

An increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the number of cells is called

a. hypertrophy
b. regeneration
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia
e. atrophy

hyperplasia

An acquired decrease in the size of a normally developed tissue or organ is
(A) hypoplasia
(B) neoplasia
(C) metaplasia
(D) atrophy
(E) aplasia

hypoplasia

Mature squamous epithelium in bronchial lining is an example of

a. hyperplasia
b. metaplasia
c. neoplasia
d. dysplasia
e. anaplasia

metaplasia

Loss of orderly maturation of epithelium is by definition

(A) hyperplasia
(B) metaplasia
(C) neoplasia
(D) dysplasia
(E) anaplasia

dysplasia

A cervical biopsy of a 24-year-old woman shows a change in the expected columnar epithelium which has been replaced by stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucosal surface of the endocervical glands and revealing immature cells occupying the lower two-third of the epithelium. What is the best designation for the change?

Metaplasia

Which of the following groups of tissue are all capable of regeneration?

a. liver, renal glomerulus, epidermis
b. gastric mucosa, lymphoid tissue, cardiac muscle
c. liver, epidermis, brain
d. colonic mucosa, liver, renal tubular epithelium
e. epidermis, pancreas, adrenal medulla

colonic mucosa, liver, renal tubular epithelium

The principal cells of granulation tissue are

a. fibroblasts and endothelial cells
b. macrophages and giant cells
c. lymphocytes and plasma cells
d. osteocytes and chondrocytes
e. neutrophils and macrophages

fibroblasts and endothelial cells

Which of the following is most characteristic of repair?

a. exudate
b. fibrin
c. giant cells
d. granulation tissue
e. granuloma

granulation tissue

The keloid is composed predominantly of

a. granulation tissue
b. dense collagen
c. loose connective tissue
d. endothelial cells
e. adipose tissue

dense collagen

The least complicated repair of an incisional wound is referred to as

a. healing by resolution
b. the secondary wound phenomenon
c. healing by primary intention
d. remodeling
e. healing by secondary intention

healing by primary intention

Migration of leukocytes directly toward a foreign substance or an injured tissue is called

a. diapedesis
b. exudation
c. emigration
d. anaphlaxis
e. chemotaxis

chemotaxis

Which part of the microcirculation is most consistently involved in the permeability changes and exudation of acute inflammation?

a. small arteries
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. venules
e. veins

venules

The warmth of an acutely inflamed skin lesion is due to

a. exudation
b. fever
c. hyperemia
d. proteolytic enzymes
e. thrombosis

hyperemia

In contrast to the increased vascular permeability seen in acute inflammation the vascular change of chronic inflammation is:

a. fibrin thrombosis
b. neoangiogenesis
c. concentric endothelial proliferation
d. granulomatous change
e. basement membrane dissolution

neoangiogenesis

Multinucleated giant cells of the foreign body type originate from

a. nuclear division of granulocytes
b. atypical regeneration of epithelium
c. megakaryocytes
d. fusion or nuclear division of macrophages
e. multiplication of nuclei in surrounding fibrocytes

fusion or nuclear division of macrophages

Tissue necrosis is usually followed immediately by

a. atrophy
b. inflammation
c. regeneration
d. repair
e. resolution

inflammation

Inflammation is best defined as

a. cellular changes as a result of injury
b. exudation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes
c. hemodynamic changes as a result of injury
d. increased vascular permeability due to chemical mediators
e. local reaction of a tissue to injury

local reaction of a tissue to injury

Which of the following is NOT associated with inflammation?

a. bacterial agents
b. viral agents
c. fungal agents
d. liquefactive necrosis
e. none of the above

none of the above

As the circulating blood flows in the capillaries, it can be differentiated into an axial stream and a peripheral stream. Normally, the peripheral stream contains

a. white cells
b. erythrocytes
c. white cells and red cells
d. thrombocytes
e. only plasma

white cells and red cells

The most characteristic feature of a neoplasm in contrast to a reactive or inflammatory overgrowth is the

a. tendency to recur after surgical treatment
b. size of the growth
c. rapidity of the growth
d. autonomous growth
e. sensitivity to radiation

autonomous growth

Which single manifestation of neoplastic growth is the most certain evidence that it is malignant?

a. cellular atypia and pleomorphism
b. compression of surrounding tissue
c. large size
dl necrosis
e. metastasis

metastasis

The undifferentiated, pleomorphic cells found in many malignant neoplasms are described by the word

a. hyperplastic
b. dysplastic
c. anaplastic
d. hypoplastic
e. aplastic

anaplastic

Carcinoma of which of the following sites has the lowest survival sites?

a. lung
b. colon
c. breast
d. endometrium
e. prostate

lung

The most likely biologic course of an untreated benign neoplasm is

a. spontaneous resolution after a period of limited growth
b. necrosis and involution after a period of limited growth
c. slow progressive growth
d. progressive growth and spread to other body sites
e. transformation to malignant neoplasm

slow progressive growth

A neoplasm arising from totipotential cells is a/an

(A) hamartoma
(B) teratoma
(C) embryonal tumor
(D) mixed tumor
(E) choristoma

teratoma

Which is a malignant neoplasm arising from smooth muscle?

a. leiomyoma
b. malignant melanoma
c. leiomyosarcoma
d. multiple myeloma

leiomyosarcoma

A malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin is a/an

a. adenoma
b. carcinoma
c. lymphoma
d. sarcoma
e. teratoma

carcinoma

Adenomas arise from

a. adipose tissue
b. nerve sheath
c. glandular epithelium
d. smooth muscle
e. brain

glandular epithelium

Leiomyomas arise from

a. adipose tissue
b. nerve sheath
c. columnar epithelium
d. smooth muscle
e. brain

smooth muscle

Which of the following neoplasms typically produces lymph nodes metastases?

a. adenoma
b. carcinoma
c. glioma
d. papilloma
e. sarcoma

carcinoma

The chemical carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, induces

a. transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
b. adenocarcinoma of rectum
c. heptaocellular carcinoma
d. squamous cell carcinoma of skin
e. renal cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma

Workers in the aniline dye industry are prone to develop

a. basal cell carcinoma of the skin
b. carcinoma of the lung
c. carcinoma of the stomach
d. carcinoma of the urinary bladder
e. squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Polycythemia is most commonly seen with

a. bronchogenic carcinoma
b. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
c. colonic adenocarcinoma
d. prostatic adenocarcinoma
e. renal cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma

Alpha fetoprotein is most characteristically present in the serum of

a. normal adults
b. patients with infectious mononucleosis
c. patients with heptaocellular carcinoma
d. patients with carcinoma of the colon
e. patients on contraceptive steriods

patients with heptaocellular carcinoma

The stage of a malignant neoplasm refers to the

a. number of mitoses on microscopy
b. length of time the tumor is clinically evident
c. degree of differentiation
d. degree of cytologic atypism
e. overall extent of disease

overall extent of disease

Definitive diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm is best made by

a. clinical history
b. radiologic examination
c. histologic examination of biopsy specimen
d. physical examination
e. radioisotope survey

histologic examination of biopsy specimen

The most common immediate cause of death in cancer patients is

a. anemia
b. hemorrhage
c. infection
d. destruction of a vital organ
e. intravascular coagulation

hemorrhage