Review of Historical Dynasties and Events

Flashcards covering major historical empires, cultural movements, and significant events.

What factors contributed to the rise of the Ming Dynasty?

Economic prosperity, strong leadership, and revival of Confucianism.

What were the primary goals of the Ming Dynasty?

Restoration of Chinese culture, expansion of trade, and territorial integrity.

Define the dynasty system and the Mandate of Heaven.

The dynasty system refers to the hereditary rule by families in China; the Mandate of Heaven is the concept that a ruler's authority comes from divine approval.

What factors led the Ming Dynasty to stop their voyages of exploration?

Economic strain, focus on internal problems, and the rise of Confucian values.

Why are some empires referred to as Gunpowder Empires?

They were powerful states that utilized gunpowder technology to expand and maintain their empires.

What were the strengths of the Mughal Empire?

Cultural diversity, rich resources, and effective administration.

What were the weaknesses of the Mughal Empire?

Religious intolerance, internal revolt, and succession disputes.

How was the Mughal Empire founded?

It was founded by Babur after he defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat.

Why might rulers build great works of art and architecture?

To demonstrate power, cultural achievements, and to leave a legacy.

What is Great Zimbabwe remembered for?

Its impressive stone structures and as a center of trade.

What is the Mali Empire known for?

Its wealth derived from trade, particularly in gold, and centers of learning like Timbuktu.

What are the key features of the Songhai Empire?

Expansion of trade routes and scholarly excellence in cities like Gao and Timbuktu.

What are the Swahili City States remembered for?

Their role as trade hubs connecting Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

What is significant about the Ethiopian Empire?

Its long-standing Christian heritage and unique architectural achievements like Lalibela.

What were the major accomplishments of the Maya?

Advanced writing system, mathematics, astronomy, and impressive architectural feats.

What were the major accomplishments of the Inca?

Extensive road systems, agricultural innovations, and unique governmental organization.

What were the major accomplishments of the Aztecs?

Complex social structure, advanced agriculture, and monumental architecture, including Templo Mayor.

What was the Renaissance?

A cultural movement in Europe marking the revival of art, literature, and learning from the 14th to 17th centuries.

What were the main ideas of the Renaissance?

Humanism, secularism, and the importance of individual achievement.

What caused the Protestant Reformation?

Corruption in the church, selling of indulgences, and the desire for reform by figures like Martin Luther.

What were the consequences of the Protestant Reformation?

Religious fragmentation in Europe, rise of Protestant denominations, and conflict between Catholics and Protestants.

What were the motivations for exploration during the Age of Exploration?

Desire for new trade routes, wealth, territorial expansion, and spreading Christianity.

Why was Portugal significant during the Age of Exploration?

Portugal was a pioneer in maritime exploration and established early trade routes to India and Africa.

What were the needs/requirements to explore during this time?

Navigation technologies, shipbuilding advances, and access to funding.

What were the consequences of the Age of Exploration?

Cultural exchanges, colonization, and significant impacts on indigenous populations.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, cultures, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

What were the consequences of the Columbian Exchange?

Introduction of new crops and livestock, cultural exchanges, and the spread of diseases.