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DISASTER
THIS IS A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OCCURRING OVER A SHORT OR LONG PERIOD THAT CAUSES WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL, ECONOMIC, OR ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS WHICH EXCEEDS THE ABILITY OF THE OFFECTED COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY TO COPE USING ITS RESOURCES
NATURAL AND HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS
2 CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTER
THIS IS A NATURAL PHENOMENON THAT MAY CAUSE LOSS OF LIFE, INJURY, OR OTHER HEALTH IMPACTS, PROPERTY DAMAGE, LOSS OF LIVELIHOODS AND SERVICES, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ETC.
HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS
THESE ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL OR HUMAN HAZARDS
FLOOD, TSUNAMI, DROUGHT, LANDSLIDE, VOLCANIC ERUPTION
5 EXAMPLES OF NATURAL DISASTERS
FLOOD
AN OVERFLOW OF WATER THAT SUBMERGES LAND THAT IS USUALLY DRY
TSUNAMI
A LARGE OCEAN WAVE THAT IS CAUSED BY SUDDEN MOTION ON THE OCEAN FLOOR
DROUGHT
A NATURAL DISASTER OF BELOW-AVERAGE PRECIPITATION IN A GIVEN REGION, RESULTING, IN PROLONGED SHORTAGES IN THE WATER SUPPLY, WHETHER ATMOSPHERIC, SURFACE WATER OR GROUND WATER
LANDSLIDE
A RANGE OF GROUND MOVEMENT, SUCH AS ROCK FALLS, DEEP FAILURE OF SLOPES AND SHALLOW DEBRIS FLOWS
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
THE RELEASE OF HOT MAGMA, VOLCANIC ASH AND/OR GASES FROM A VOLCANO
FIRE (URBAN), HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS, NUCLEAR AND RADIATION ACCIDENTS
3 EXAMPLES OF HUMAN-MADE DISASTERS
FIRE (URBAN)
EVEN WITH STRICT BUILDING FIRE CODES, PEOPLE STOLL PERISH NEEDLESSLY IN FIRES
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
THE ESCAPE OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, OR GASES THAT CAN HARM PEOPLE, OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS, PROPERTY OR THE ENVIRONMENT, FROM THEIR INTENDED CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT SUCH AS A CONTAINER
NUCLEAR AND RADIATION ACCIDENTS
AN EVENT INVOLVING SIGNIFICANT RELEASE OF RADIOACTIVITY TO BE ENVIRONMENT AND WHICH LEADS TO MAJOR UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES TO PEOPLE, THE ENVIRONMENT, OR THE FACILITY
HAZARD, EXPOSURE, VULNERABILITY, CAPACITY, RISK
5 BASIC CONCEPTS IN DRRM
HAZARD
THIS IS A POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL PHENOMENON, EVENT, OR HUMAN ACTIVITY
HAZARD
THIS MAY BE ACTIVE OR MAY REMAIN DORMANT, BUT MAY HOWEVER CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH, DAMAGE OF PROPERTY, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DISRUPTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. THEY CAN BE SINGLE, SEQUENTIAL OR BOTH, BASED ON THEIR ORIGIN AND IMPACTS
EXPOSURE
WHEN A HAZARD STRIKES, NOT EVEERYONE CAN BE EQUALLY AFFECTED BY ITS DANGERS. RATHER, COMMUNITIES THAT RESIDE IN HARD-PRONE AREAS ARE MORE EXPOSED TO SUCH HAZARDS AND THEIR EFFECTS.
VULNERABILITY
THIS REFERS TO THE LACK OF CAPACITY TO FLEE FROM HAZARD EXPOSURE. THIS MAY BE CAUSED BY POVERTY, LACK OF ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS, OR EVEN ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
CAPACITY
THESE ARE THE BASIC FACTORS THAT HELP A COMMUNITY REDUCE ITS VULNERABILITIES, PREVENT RISKS, AND RECOVER FROM DIASATERS. THEY ARE THE POSITIVE STRENGTHS THE COMMUNITY HOLDS
CAPACITY
TO COPE WITH DISASTERS, EVERY COMMUNITY HAS SOME SORT OF _____ THAT COULD BE IN FORM OF THEIR RESOURCE HOLDINGS, THEIR ENTITLEMENTS, AND THEIR SOCIAL NETWORKS
RISK
WHEN COMBINED, HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITY RESULT IN THIS, THREATENING PEOPLE’S LIVES AND ASSETS
RISK=HAZARD x VULNERABILITY
FORMULA FOR RISK
CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY, POORLY-PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT, WEAK GOVERNANCE
6 RISK FACTOR UNDERLYING DISASTER
CLIMATE CHANGE
THIS CAN INCREASE DISASTER RISK IN A VARIETY OF WAYS-BY ALTERING THE FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF HAZARDS EVENTS, AFFECTING VULNERABILITY TO HAZARDS, AND CHANGING EXPOSURE PATTERNS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
IT IS BOTH A DRIVER AND CONSEQUENCE OF DISASTERS, REDUCING THE CAPACITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT TO MEET SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL NEEDS
GLOBALIZED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
IT RESULTED IN INCREASED POLARIZATION BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR ON A GLOBAL SCALE
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
IT IS BOTH A DRIVER AND CONSEQUENCE OF DISASTERS, AND THE PROCESSES THAT FURTHER DISASTER RISK RELATED POVERTY ARE PERMEATED WITH INEQUALITY
POORLY-PLANNED AND MANAGED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
A NEW WAVE OF URBANIZATION IS UNFOLDING IN HAZARD-EXPOSED COUNTRIES AND WITH IT, NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF RESILIENT INVESTMENT EMERGE
WEAK GOVERNANCE
THESE ARE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENTS IN WHICH PUBLIC SECTOR ACTORS ARE UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO ASSUME THEIR ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN PROTECTING RIGHTS, PROVIDING BASIC SERVICES AND PUBLIC SERVICES
DISASTER
THIS IS THE CULMINATION OF RISKS THAT CAUSE GLOBAL NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES ON THE LIVES AND ASSETS OF VULNERABLE AND EXPOSED PEOPLE, RESULTING IN INJURIES, DEATHS, PROPERTY DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AND DISRUPTION OF LIVELIHOODS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
DISASTER
THIS RESULTS IN SOCIETY’S INABILITY TO OPERATE NORMALLY
PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIO-CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, BIOLOGICAL
6 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER
PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER THAT CAUSE GREAT PHYSICAL DAMAGE IN A COMMUNITY’S INFRASTRUCTURE, ITS PEOPLE. AND THEIR PROPERTIES, E.G. HOUSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF LIVING. THESE CITED EFFECTS OF A DISASTER CAN BE EASILY MEASURED AND THE MOST COMMON.
INJURIES, PHYSICAL DISABILITIES OR ILLNESS, SANITATION, DAMAGE IN INFRASTRUCTURE
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL DISASTER
PHSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER THAT VICTIMS MAY SUFFER FROM POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PSTD) AND OTHER SRIOUS MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE NOT BEING GIVEN MUCH ATTENTION TO BY THE AUTHORITIES OR EVEN BY THE VICTIMS THEMSELVES.
SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER WHERE FOR EXAMPLE A LOT OF PEOPLE TEMPORARILY LOST THEIR JOBS DUE TO THE NATIONAL HEALTH EMERGENCY ECQ, SOME PEOPLE STRANDED IN DIFFERENTE REGIONS, REPATRIATED OFWS WERE HELD IN DIFFERENT QUARATINE FACILITIES, AND ALL PEOPLE WHO WERE RESTRICTED FROM GOING OUT OF THEIR HOMES FOR MONTHS. AS A RESULT, MOST FILIPINO FAMILIES WOULD RELY ON THE GOVERNMENT’S HELP FOR THEM TO GET BY. HOWEVER, LIMITED RESOURCES AND AID FROM THE GGOVERNMENT MAKE PEOPLE FIND POSSIBLE WAYS TO SURVIVE AMID THE PANDEMIC
CHANGE IN INDIVIDUALROLES, DISRUPTION OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND PERSONAL CONNECTIONS
SOCIO-CULTURAL EFFECT OF DISASTER
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER THAT CAN AFFECT THE ECONOMIC CONDITION OF A COMMUNITY BECAUSE THEY REDUCE LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE. IT CAN ALSO PARTIALLY OR TOTALLY PARALYZE A COUNTRY’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. IMPLEMENTATION OF A PARTIAL AND TOTAL SHUTDOWN OF LOCAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS RESULTS IN A LOT OF PEOPLE LOSING MEANS OF LIVING
LOSS OF LIFE, UNEMPLOYMENT, LOSS OF PROPERTY, LOSS OF HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES, LOSS OF CROPS, LOSS OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF DISASTER
POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER THAT BOTH THE EFECTS OF A NATURAL DISASTER AND THE RESULTING DISTRIBUTION OF HUMANITARIAN AID ARE PROFOUNDLY LINKED TO POLITCIS
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
THIS IS A PERSPECTIVE OF DISASTER THAT THE DISTURBING EFFECTS CAUSED BY A PREVALENT KIND OF DISEASE OR VIRUS IN AN EPIDEMIC OR PANDEMIC LEVEL.
EPIDEMIC LEVEL
BIOLOGICAL DISASTER AFFECTS LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE WITHIN A GIVEN COMMUNITY OR AREA
PANDEMIC LEVEL
BIOLOGICAL DISASTER AFFECTS A MUCH LARGER REGION, SOMETIMES SPANNING ENTIRE CONTINENTS OR THE GLOBE
LOSS OF LIVES, PUBLIC DEMOBILIZATION, NEGATIVE ECONOMIC EFFECT, UNEMPLOYMENT, HUNGER
EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL DISASTER
HAZARD
A DANGEROUS SITUAATION NEEDS TO BE HEEDED BECAUSE IT CAN LEAD TO A DISASTER
HAZARD
A THREAT THAT CAN BE MANAGED BY OBSERVING WARNING SIGNS AND KEEPING IN HARMONY WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
HAZARD
THIS IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE EVERYDAY MISHAPS. THEY ARE SPECIFIC OCCURRENCES AND DANGER AREAS WITH APPROPRIATE WARNING SIGNS.
DISASTER
A DANGEROUS SITUATION THAT HAS BECOME OUT OF CONTROL
DISASTER
AN INTERNATIONAL DANGER AND THREAT TO HUMANITY THAT NEEDS INTERVENTION TO BRING THE SITUATION UNDER CONTROL
DISASTER
THIS IS THE OUTCOME OF HAZARD WHEN WARNING SIGNS WERE IGNORED
TRUE
TURE OR FALSE
TYPHOON HAIYAN IS ONE OF THE DEADLIEST NATURAL DISASTERS EVER TO HIT THE PHILIPPINES
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
DISASTERS CAN BE MITIGATED
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
THE PHILIPPINES RARELY EXPERIENCE DISATERS
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
DISASTERS ALWAYS OCCUR WHEN HAZARDS EXIST
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
DISASTERS CANNOT BE HANDLED BY THE PHILIPPINED WITHOUT ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IS THE CONCEPT ANDPRACTICE OF INCREASING DISASTER RISKS THROUGH SYSTEMATIC EFFORTS
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
ILLEGAL LOGGING CAN WORSEN THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
MINING CAN REDUCE THE RISKS OF DISASTERS
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
RISK MANAGEMENT INCLUDES HAZARD MAPPING AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
TERRORISM CANNOT RESULT IN A DISASTER
VULNERABIITY
THIS DESCRIBED THE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF A COMMUNITY, SYSTEM OR ASSET THAT MAKE IT SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF A HAZARD.
PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL
4 TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY
THIS MAY BE DETERMINED BY ASPECTS SUCH AS POPULATION DENSITY LEVELS, REMOTENESS OF A SETTLEMENT, THE SITE, DESIGN, AND MATERIALS USED FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND FOR HOUSING
EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY
WOODEN HOMES ARE LESS LIKELY TO COLLAPSE IN AN EARTHQUAKE BUT ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO FIRE
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
THIS REFERS TO THE INABILITY OF PEOPLE TO WITHSTAND ADVERSE IMPACTS TO HAZARDS DUE TO CHARACTERISTICS INHERENT IN SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, INSTITUTIONS.
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
THIS INCLUDES ASPECTS RELATED TO LEVELS OF LITERACY AND EDUCATION, THE EXISTENCE OF PEOACE AND SECURITY, ACCESS TO BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEMS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE ETC.
EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
WHEN FLOODING OCCURS SOME CITIZENS, SUCH AS CHILDREN, ELDERLY AND PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, MAY BE UNABLE TO PROTECT THEMSELVES OR EVACUATE IF NECESSARY
ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY
THE POOR ARE USUALLY MORE VULNERABLE TO DISASTERS BECAUSE THEY LACK THE RESOURCES TO BUILD STURDY STRUCTURES AND PUT OTHER ENGINEERING MEASURES IN PLACE TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM BEING NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY DISASTERS
EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY
POORER FAMILIES MAY LIVE IN SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS BECAUSE THEY CANNOT AFFORD TO LIVE IN SAFER (MORE EXPENSIVE) AREAS
ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY
NATURAL RESOURCE DEPELETION AND RESOURCE DEGRADATION ARE KEY ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY
EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY
THE QUALITY OF FARM LAND IS DETERIORATING AND FORESTED LANDS ARE SHRINKING, DEVELOPMENT OF MANGROVE SWAMPS INTO AQUACULTURE PONDS, SALT BEDS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS, COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS, DEALING WITH AFTER-EFFECTS
4 REASONS WHY CERTAIN SECTORS OF SOCIETY AND SPECIFIC STRUCTURE ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO DISASTER THAN OTHERS
POPULATION DENSITY, AGE OF POPULATIO, DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
4 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
POPULATION DENSITY
THE MORE DENSE THE POPULATION THE MORE EFFICIENTY A REPSONSE CAN BE
AGE OF POPULATION
VERY OLD AND VERY YOUNG POPULATIONS ARE LESS MOBILE AND ABLE TO RESPOND TO HAZARD EVENTS WELL
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
POPULATIONS MAY BE DISTRIBUTED DIFFERENT WITHIN HAZARD E.G. ELDERLY POPLE ON LOWER FLOORS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS, OR CONCENTRATIONS OF HIGHLY VULNERABLE PEOPLE IN POORER AREAS OF A CITY
WEALTH, EDUCATION, NATURE OF SOCIETY, UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA
4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
WEALTH
LOW INCOME POPULATIONS ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE WELL PREPARED
EDUCATION
EDUCATION PROGRAMS SUCH AS CALIFORNIA;S EARTHQUAKE DAY CAN INSTRUCT POPULATIONS ON HOW TO DEAL WITH HAZARD EVENTS
NATURE OF SOCIETY
IN HIGHLY CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES, EFFICIENT RESPONSE MAY BE THE RESULT. HOWEVER, IT CAL ALSO LEAD TO BUREACRACY AND A LACK OF AUTONOMOUS DECISION MAKING, WHICH SLOWS DOWN RELIEF EFFORTS
UNDERSTANDING OF THE AREA
RECENT MIGRANTS ARE LIKELY TO STRUGGLE TO COPE COMPARED TO ESTABLISH POPULATION
BUILDING CODES, SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, EMERGENCY PLANNING
4 COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
BUILDING CODES
THIS PROTECT MOST BUILDINGS FROM COLLAPSE DURING EARTHQUAKES
SCIENTIFIC MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
ESTABLISHED MONITORING CAN PREPARE PEOPLE
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
COUNTRIES WITH GOOD QUALITY AND WIDESPREAD NETWORKS ALLOW MESSAGES TO BE QUICKLY SHARED, THIS LINKS CLOSELY WITH THE INFORMATION FLOWS OF GLOBAL INTERACTIONS
EMERGENCY PLANNING
THIS IS WHERE MONITORING AND COMMUNICATION IS IN PLACE, THE EMERGENCY PLANNING IS LIKELY TO PREPARE FOR SUCH EVENTS AND TAKE ACTION BASED ON DATA, RATHER THAN PREDICTION
INSURANCE COVER, EMERGENCY PERSONNEL, AID REQUESTS
3 DEALING WITH THE AFTER-EFFECTS
INSURANCE COVER
NDIVIDUALS PURCHASE INSURANCE TO MITIGATE THE LOSS, THUS PREPARING THEM BETTER FOR SIMILAR FUTURE EVENTS
EMERGENCY PERSONNEL
THIS IS THE AFTER-EFFECT OF TRAINING UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS. THE AVAILABILITY OF SUCH PERSONNEL WILL VARY DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF DAY AND LOCATION OF THE HAZARD EVENT
AID REQUESTS
OUTSIDE HELP IS NECESSARY DURING A DISASTER. HOWEVER, THIS IS SOMETIMES SLOW TO BE REQUESTED RESULTING IN FURTHERN DEATHS AND LOSS OF PROPERTY
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
THE REDUCTION OF ANY ONE OF THE THREE FACTOS IN THE RISK TRIANGLE TO ZERO CONSQEQUENTLY WOULD ELIMINATE THE RISK
RISK
THIS IS THE PROBABILITY OF HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES OR EXPECTED LOSS OF LIVES, PEOPLE INJURED, LIVELIHOODS, DISRUPTION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, AND DAMAGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NATURAL OR HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARDS AND VULNERABLE/CAPABLE CONDITIONS
VULNERABILITY, HAZARD, EXPOSURE
3 FACTORS OF RISK
PEOPLE. BUILDING, BUSINESSES, INFRASTRUCTURES, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
5 ELEMENTS AT RISK INCLUDES
HAZARD
AN EVENT OR CCURRENCE THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR CAUSING INJURY TO LIFE, PROPERT AND ENVIRONMENT, ALTHOUGH AT TIMES, IT HAS BEEN ASCRIBED THE SAME MEANING AS RISK, CURRENTLY IT IS WIDELY ACCEPTED THAT IT IS A COMPONENT OF RISK AND NOT RISK ITSELF
TSUNAMI, FLOODS, CYCLONE, EARTHQUAKES, LANDSLIDES, VOLCANIC ERUPTION, TERRORISM, EPIDEMIC
EXAMPLES OF HAZARDS
EXPOSURE
THIS REFERS TO THE “ELEMENTS AT RISK” FROM A NATURAL OR MAN-MADE HAZARD EVENT; IT IS A NECESSARY, BUT NOT SUFFICIENTY, DETERMINANT OF RISK. IT IS POSSIBLE TO BE EXPOSED BUT NOT VULNERABLE
BY LIVING IN A FLOODPLAIN BUT HAVING SUFFICIENT MEANS TO MODIFY BUILDING STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR TO MITIGATE POTENTIAL LOSS
EXAMPLE OF EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY
THIS COMPRISES CONDITIONS DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OR PROCESSES, WHICH INCREAQSE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A COMMUNITY, SCHOOL, OR CERTAIN AREA IN A LOCALITY TO THE IMPACT OF HAZARDS.