Social/ Cultural Impact of Colonialism

It was logical that the Asian courts…

should be used as a model for the aesthetics of absolutism

From which kingdom did ambassadors arrive at Versailles?

Autthaya

Pagen

Columbus’ discovery affected the whole European culture and marked a decisive break from the past

Give 2 reasons natives were labelled as pagans

stronger than gentile or barbarian

religiously divided europe could agree pagans were foreign to them

Ryan

The new world was bent to serve the cause of tradition

Schlesinger

no other series of events in all of world history brought as much significant change as European overseas expansion

Why did a sense of otherness serve to bolster intellectualism?

Fears about an other who the ancient fathers hadn’t known about forced people to try and find information about them

How did the very act of discovering the America’s change scientific thinking?

Proved experiment is superior to conjecture

How did the commerce in the new world prevent all out war?

Encourages communication between races

Humboldt

simply unthinkable that a culture should remain unchanged by the recognition that for centuries it had lived in ignorance of the very existence of half the globe

How do new world discoveries link to confessionalisation

Links confessions by providing a contrasting other

Why were natives provided with humanity even though they were pagan

separate from Europe only in chronology because Greco-Roman deities had also believed in more than one God

What does De Bry thankfully avoid doing?

Conflating idolatry of the Brazilian Tupis with Catholicism

Why was Indian Occidentalis VII a turning point

The Christian were being killed by the indians in a treacherous manner

Who was the term treacherous generally reserved for in earlier volumes?

Spanish conquistadors

Van Groesen

the languages of Christianity and civility… were anything but strictly separated

Why did European find comfort in the devil’s presence abroad?

could assimilate oversea’s belief to their own mental frameworks

Why do the early De bry’s volume praise native eating habits?

They did not eat in excess unlike Europeans in a time of famine

Explain the ideological element of colonial cartography

Could use mapping to cast a grid over the land they coveted eg Smith used maps to make claims to New England

Contrast Iberian and northern cartographic practices

Iberia saw centralised control and a lack of printing industry

North saw less distinction between private and public cartographer

Why was delineation important

Needed to devise some locational imagery of land already covered/land worth returning too

When Mariners from Dieppe went to Brazil…

they were accompanied by a peintre

Explain how cartography combined cultures

Dieppe cartographer using Iberian charting style with French medieval decoration in court of Henry VIII

Why was it a French man who first survived a Canadian winter?

Tended to physical and phycological needs eg used indigenous plants against Scurvy and had hunting competitions to pass the time

Finding there were others wasn’t that surprising but…

they were expected in Asia and Africa

What had Augustine already clarified?

Even the most monstrous races were Adams children so they did have a common human nature

Whose courts were dominated by the question of human nature?

Isabella

Charles V

Phillip II

Who and how was Espinosa keen to get interviews from

Few surviving Guanches

Name 3 positives to come out of Galindo’s work

Denied presence of idols amongst Canary’s

Stated they welcomed conquistadors

Archaeology suggests they allowed invader to teach them skills

Give 2 pieces of evidence of Zuzara about Black slaves

Calls them spirits from the lowest hemisphere

Distressed at sight of families being split up

What are the two strands of the overall image of the Africans?

Exotic and wealthy courts

Poor, dust blown villages

Who were the Africans believed to have descended from?

Noahns son, Ham

make 2 important notes about King Budomel’s court

very mobile

wives and concubines in each village

How does De Mosco describe the Africans

lascivious

Abulafia

Elsewhere in the world, more primitive native peoples posed a more persistent problem

Which 2 groups of people did Columbus distinguish between

Taino

Caribs

Explain the significance of the cloth trade with the caribs

given cloths to use as cloths suggesting their nakedness is more threatening

how does columbus describe the Caribs?

a people without fear, unlike those of the other islands, who are cowards and without weapons, are beyond reason

Abulafia 2

The black face of their king symbolised the moral and spiritual darkness the caribs represented