orbital region
made up of face around eye and lacrimal apparatus
eyelids
protects eyes and spreads lacrimal fluid
lacrimal apparatus (what does it consist of)
lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, and nasolacrimal duct
three layers to the eye
fibrous layer, vascular layer, inner layer
sclera
inside fibrous layer, tough opaque part of the eye.
provides attachment site for intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
cornea
inside fibrous layer, transparent part of eye with six layers
choroid
vascular layer, is the blood supply to the eye and has many blood vessels inside; absorbs light to prevent it from scattering
ciliary body
,consists of ciliary muscles, ciliary processes, and ciliary zonule
iris
colored part of eyes, pupil inside
pupil
made up of sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae
accomodation
changing of the lens and pupil size to ensure images converge on the same place in the retina
ciliary muscle
shape of lens is controlled by
Retina
contains rods and cones (photoreceptors), bipolar cells and ganglion cells. prevents light from scattering
cones
process bright light, color vision, one cone per ganglia
rods
process dim light, preipheral vision, many rods converge on one ganglia
cones and rods function
contain photopigments that cause a chemical change when light hits them, causing impulses to be sent to the optic nerve
VI(abducens), moves eye laterally
lateral rectus muscle (action and cranial nerve)
III (oculomotor), moves eye medially
medial rectus muscle (action and cranial nerve)
III(oculomotor), elevates eye and turns it medially
superior rectus muscle (action and cranial nerve)
III(oculomotor), depresses eye and turns it medially
inferior rectus muscle (action and cranial nerve)
III(oculomotor), elevates eye and turns it laterally
inferior oblique muscle (action and cranial nerve)
IV(trochlear), depresses eye and turns it laterally
superior oblique muscle (action and cranial nerve)
meyer’s loop
temporal radiations - fibers that relay information from the contralateral superior visual field
Baum’s loop
parietal radiations - fibers that carry information from the contralateral inferior visual field
lateral geniculate body
most fibers of optic tract terminate in the