Ch 34 Vaccines

whats active immunitu

when the body’s immune response is stimulated by an antigen or when a pathogen enters the body. The body recognizes this pathogen as a foreign substance and produces antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, which defend the body against pathogens.

•Body produces antibodies

•Natural immunity:active immunity occurs from exposure to a pathogen or disease

whats passive immunity

example of natural immunity passively acquired is in infants, who are unable to protect against disease because of immature immune systems but instead require antibodies from an outside source, such as the mother’s placenta and breast milk.

•Receives antibodies from another source

whats community immuniry

known as herd immunity, occurs when most of the community is immunized against contagious diseases, allowing protection of those not immunized. In contrast, when most of the community is not immunized, there is an increased risk for the spread of contagious disease within the community

what are vaccines

 administration of a small amount of antigen that, although capable of stimulating an immune response, does not typically produce the disease.

types traditional, attenuated virus, toxoids, conjugate, recombinant subunit vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, adjuvant vaccines

what are traditional vaccines

contain the whole or components of an inactivated (killed) microorganism

what are attenuated virus

composed of live, attenuated (weakened) microorganisms.

who should avoid live vaccines

Persons who are immunocompromised because of illness or who take medication that causes immunosuppression

what are toxoids vaccines

◦Inactivated toxins that stimulate antitoxin formation but can’t produce disease

what are conjugate vaccines

◦Requires protein or toxoid from unrelated organism to link to outer coating of disease-causing microorganism

what are recomninat subunit vaccines

◦Involve some genetic material (DNA) of pathogen into another cell or organism where antigen is produced

ex. Hep B vaccine

what are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine

◦A synthetic mRNA tells body to create spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, which triggers immune system to produce cells to fight spike protein

NEWEST VACCINE

what are adjuvant vaccines

◦An aluminum salt added to increase body’s immune system

what does the centers for disease control and prevention CDC do?

◦Route of administration

◦Schedule for routine administration

◦Minimum dosing intervals

◦Countraindications

◦Standing orders for administering vaccines

vaccines needed before traveling internationallly

MMR, typhoid fever, yellow fever, meningococcal disease, rabies, Hep A & B, japanese encephalitis

what disease and adverse reaction shoud we report when getting a vaccine

mild reaction: injection site swealling, low grade fever

moderate or severe illnes, anaphylaxis

who is responsible to report any adverse reaction due to a vaccine

health care providers must report adverse reactions to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS).

varicella vaccine

prevention for chickenpox

side effects: site reaction, fever, rash, anaphylaxis, thrimbocytopenia, encephalitis, stevens-johnson syndrome

herpes zoster

known shingles or zoster

-results of reactivation of varicella virus

what are future developments in vaccines

•Anthrax

•Smallpox

•Pertussis

•Herpes zoster

•Rotavirus

•Human papillomavirus

•Pneumococci

•Bacterial meningitis