Kidney's & all that jazz

what is the cause of cushing’s disease?

increased production of adrenal cortex hormone; hyperadrenalism; hypercortisolism

what are sign’s of cushing’s disease?

moon face, buffalo hump, pendulous abdomen with purple striae, hirsutism, weakness and hypertension

what is addison’s disease?

decreased aldosterone; hypoadrenalism; hypocortisolism

what does addison’s disease cause?

increased ACTH that causes melanin deposition

what may be seen with addison’s disease?

thin person, decreased BP, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss

what is a pheochromocytoma?

tumor of the adrenal medulla

what does a pheochromocytoma cause?

increased catecholamine production

what does pheochromocytoma appear similar to?

hyperthyroidism but produces extreme hypertension

what is nephrolithiasis?

kidney stones

what are kidney stones most commonly made of?

calcium oxalates

how is the pain of nephrolithiasis described?

writhing flank pain

what physical exam is positive with nephrolithiasis?

murphy’s punch

what do labs show with nephrolithiasis?

kincreased BUN, uric acid, creatinine clearance

what can cause staghorn calculi with nephrolithiasis?

hydronephrosis

what is the aka for acute glomerulonephritis?

nephritic syndrome

what causes actue glomeruloephritis?

group A hemolytic strep

what is seen in urine with acute glomerulonephritis?

RBC casts with small amount of protein

what is nephrotic syndrome?

hypertension, edema and massive proteinuria

what is nephrotic syndrome called in pregnant women?

pre-eclampsia

what is found in urine with nephrotic syndrome?

waxy or fatty casts

what causes pyelonephritis?

e-coli from UTI

what is found in urine with pyelonephritis?

WBC casts

what is polycystic kidney disease?

inherited disorder characterized by many bilateral renal cysts that increase in renal size but reduce functioning renal tissue

how is urethritis classidied?

gonococcal or non-gonococcal

what is the most common cause of urethritis in females?

e.coli

what is found in urine with urethritis?

nitrites

what is cystitis?

noninfectious bladder inflammation that causes burning, painful and frequent urination with incontince

where may a patient have pain with cystitis?

suprapubic or low back

what is the aka for a nephroblastoma?

wilm’s tumor

what is a nephroblastoma?

malignant tumor of the kidney in kids less than 5 years

what is urge in urinary incontinece?

overatove bladder, need to get to the bathroom

what is stress in urinary incontinece?

an increase in abdominal pressure such as exercise, cough, sneeze, laugh due to weakened pelvic floor muscles

what is overflow in urinary incontinece?

inability to completely empty bladder when urinating resulting in a constant or frequent dribble of urine

what is functional in urinary incontinece?

most common among older adults with arthritis, parkinson’s, alzheimer’s

what is the most common type of hernia?

indirect inguinal

what population is an indirect inguinal hernia common in?

children and young adults

what is an indirect inguinal hernia?

hernia passes down the inguinal canal and exits at the external inguinal ring and into the scrotum

what is a direct inguinal hernia?

does not pass through the inguinal canal but exits directly through the external inguinal ring

how are direct inguinal hernias acquired?

obesity or heavy lifting

what population is a direct inguinal hernia common in?

adults over 40

where is the location of an indirect inguinal hernia?

lateral and inferior ro epigastric

what is the location of direct inguinal hernia?

medial and inferior to epigastric

what is a femoral hernia?

not an inguinal hernia, appears as bulge lateral and inferior to the external inguinal ring at the site of the femoral pulse

what population is a femoral hernia most common in?

females at the femoral triangle