Studied by 5 people
Interracial interaction
________ can be challenging and fraught with emotion and tension.
Objectification
________: When a person is viewed or treated as a mere body or object and less as a fully functioning human being.
Microaggression
________: Everyday, subtle, and hurtful forms of discrimination that are experienced quite frequently by members of targeted groups.
Socialization
________: The processes by which people learn the norms, rules, and information of a culture or group.
Cooperation
________ and shared goals are ideal for intergroup contact to be successful.
stereotype threat effects
To reduce ________, individuals must feel a sense of trust and safety in the situation.
Polycultural thinking
________: Focusing on the ways that racial and ethnic groups have interacted and influenced each others cultures throughout history.
Metastereotypes
________: Thoughts about the outgroups stereotypes about them.
Hostile Sexism
________: Negative, resentful feelings about womens abilities, value, and challenge to mens power.
Schadenfreude
________: The experience of pleasure at other peoples misfortunes, particularly for celebrities or others we dont feel empathy for.
Identity Fusion
________: The sense of "oneness "that people may feel with a group.
Medias impact
________ is especially negative among individuals who are already concerned about their appearance or are particularly concerned with others opinions.
Social Categorization
________: The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes.
belong muscular
Men are portrayed in the media as ________ and lean.
Dual Identity Categorizations
________: When individuals from minority groups preserve their distinctiveness as a member of their specific group, but recognize their connection and potential for cooperation with the majority or more powerful group.
strong emotion
Being physically tired or being affected by ________ or arousal can make perceivers less likely to avoid stereotyping.
Jigsaw Classroom
________: A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts.
Ingroups
________: Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity.
Benevolent Sexism
________: Affectionate, chivalrous feelings founded on the potentially patronizing belief that women need and deserve protection.
Stereotypes
________: Beliefs or associations that link whole groups of people with certain traits or characteristics.
Biases
________ can be difficult to see, but are present in abundance, across a multitude of settings.
Realistic Conflict
________ Theory: The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources.
Relative Deprivation
________: Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others.
Self Regulation of Prejudiced Responses Model
________: Internally motivated individuals may learn to control their prejudices more effectively over time.
fellow humans
Perceivers sometimes process outgroup faces more like objects and lower- order animals than like ________.
Collectivists
________ are more likely than individualists to value their connectedness and interdependence with the people and groups around them, and their personal identities are tied closely with their social identities.
blood sugar
Being low in ________ can weaken peoples ability to control stereotyping and prejudice.
Cooperative activities
________: Members of the two groups should join together in an effort to achieve superordinate goals.
Modern Racism
________: A subtle form of prejudice that tends to surface when it is safe, socially acceptable, or easy to rationalize.
Prejudice
________ based on weight and sexuality are considered more acceptable by many people.
Illusory Correlation
________: A tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated.
Stereotype Threat
________: The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about ones group.
Media depictions
________ can influence viewers, often without the viewers realizing it.
Ingroup identification
________ and outgroup derogation and dehumanization can be especially strong among people with a social dominance orientation.
Behavioral differences
________ lead us to perceive men as dominant and women by domestic by nature, when the differences may reflect the roles they play.
Superordinate Goal
________: A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups.
Subliminal Presentation
________: A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people dont have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them.
Avoidant behavior
________ can make things worse.
Gender stereotypes
________ indicate what many people in a given culture believe men and women should be like, not what they think they actually are like.
Racial prejudice
________ and discrimination have been decreasing in the United States and in many other countries over the last 70 years.
masculine traits
Women are seen as more competent if they present themselves with stereotypically ________.
Discrimination
________: Negative behaviors directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group.
Outgroups
________: Groups with which an individual doesnt feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity.
Personal Interaction
________: The contact should involve one- on- one interactions among individual members of the two groups.
Equal Status
________: The contact should occur in circumstances that give the groups ________.
System Justification Theory
________: A theory that proposes that people are motivated to defend and justify the existing social, political, and economic conditions.
Stereotype Content Model
________: A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth.
positive intergroup
Cross- group dating is associated with more ________ attitudes.
Racial bias
________ in decisions to shoot was significantly stronger if the targets looked more stereotypic of their respective races.
Social Dominance Orientation
________: A desire to see ones ingroup as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups.
Racism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a persons racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another
Sexism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a persons gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender (typically men) over another (typically women)
Stereotypes
Beliefs or associations that link whole groups of people with certain traits or characteristics
Prejudice
Negative feelings about others because of their connection to a social group
Discrimination
Negative behaviors directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
Modern Racism
A subtle form of prejudice that tends to surface when it is safe, socially acceptable, or easy to rationalize
Aversive Racism
Racism that concerns the ambivalence between individuals sincerely fair-minded attitudes and beliefs, on one hand, and their largely unconscious and unrecognized prejudicial feelings and beliefs, on the other hand
Microaggression
Everyday, subtle, and hurtful forms of discrimination that are experienced quite frequently by members of targeted groups
Moral Credentials
People establish that theyre not racist towards a group by demonstrating that they have good friends from the racial or ethnic group in question or they have behaved in ways that were quite fair to members of this group
Implicit Racism
Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Test that measures implicit beliefs and attitudes that a person may have
Metastereotypes
Thoughts about the outgroups stereotypes about them
Polycultural thinking
Focusing on the ways that racial and ethnic groups have interacted and influenced each others cultures throughout history
Hostile Sexism
Negative, resentful feelings about womens abilities, value, and challenge to mens power
Ex
Women seek special favors under the guise of equality
Benevolent Sexism
Affectionate, chivalrous feelings founded on the potentially patronizing belief that women need and deserve protection
Ex
Women should be cherished and protected by men
Objectification
When a person is viewed or treated as a mere body or object and less as a fully functioning human being
Stigmatized
Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic
Stereotype Threat
The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about ones group
Social Categorization
The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes
Ingroups
Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity
Outgroups
Groups with which an individual doesnt feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity
Outgroup homogeneity effect
The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups
Identity Fusion
The sense of "oneness" that people may feel with a group
Social Dominance Orientation
A desire to see ones ingroup as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups
System Justification Theory
A theory that proposes that people are motivated to defend and justify the existing social, political, and economic conditions
Stereotype Content Model
A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth
Superordinate Goal
A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups
Realistic Conflict Theory
The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources
Relative Deprivation
Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others
In-Group Favoritism
The tendency to discriminate in favor of in-groups over out-groups
Social Identity Theory
The theory that people favor in-groups over out-groups in order to enhance their self-esteem
Schadenfreude
The experience of pleasure at other peoples misfortunes, particularly for celebrities or others we dont feel empathy for
Socialization
The processes by which people learn the norms, rules, and information of a culture or group
Social Role Theory
The theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women
Illusory Correlation
A tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
Subliminal Presentation
A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people dont have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them
Contact Hypothesis
The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions
Equal Status
The contact should occur in circumstances that give the groups equal status
Personal Interaction
The contact should involve one-on-one interactions among individual members of the two groups
Cooperative activities
Members of the two groups should join together in an effort to achieve superordinate goals
Social norms
The social norms, defined in part by relevant authorities, should favor intergroup contact
Extended Contact Effect / Indirect Contact Effect
Knowing that an ingroup friend has a good and close relationship with a member of an out-group can produce positive intergroup benefits in ways similar to direct contact
Jigsaw Classroom
A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts
Common Ingroup Identity Model
If members of different groups recategorize themselves as members of a more inclusive superordinate group, intergroup attitudes and relations can improve
Dual-Identity Categorizations
When individuals from minority groups preserve their distinctiveness as a member of their specific group, but recognize their connection and potential for cooperation with the majority or more powerful group
Externally driven
Not wanting to appear to be prejudiced
Internally driven
Not wanting to be prejudiced, regardless of whether or not others would find out
Self-Regulation of Prejudiced Responses Model
Internally motivated individuals may learn to control their prejudices more effectively over time
Note 
Flashcard (135)