HSP3U unit one- intro

yayayyay this course sucks

"Social Science"

"The scientific study of human society and social relationships."

"Psychology"

"The scientific study of the human mind, mental states, and human behavior."

"Anthropology"

"The study of the past and present of humans, including culture, origins, and physical development."

"Sociology"

"The study of human social behavior, including individuals, groups, and societies."

"questions a psychologist would ask"

"-how the mind develops over time, what influences teen behavior, how tech affects mental health"

"Pros of Psychology"

"Helping others, intellectual stimulation, and many career paths."

"Cons of Psychology"

"Emotionally draining, requires lots of education, and involves ethical issues."

"questions an anthropologist would ask"

"how did humans evolve, how does culture differ around the world, how language has changed throughout history"

"Pros of Anthropology"

"Travel opportunities, career opportunities, and potential for new discoveries, learning about history"

"Cons of Anthropology"

"Challenging fieldwork conditions, competitive market, and language barriers."

"Sociologist Questions"

"who decides what acceptable behavior is, how do hierarchical structures work, what influences criminal behavior"

"Pros of Sociology"

"Ability to analyze complex problems and transferable skills usable in different careers."

"Cons of Sociology"

"Requires lots of education, competitive market, and can be emotionally draining."

"Similarities between all 3 fields"

"all social sciences, focused on understanding and explaining human behavior, use scientific research,"

"why are social sciences always changing"

"Social sciences evolve as humans change due to technology, globalization, politics, and environmental factors. (ex: family structures today are different than they were in the 1950's)"

"3 major fields of anthropology"

"physical, cultural, archeology"

"3 fields WITHIN Physical Anthropology"

"paleonathropology, primatology, human variaton"

"3 fields WITHIN Cultural Anthropology"

"ethnology, linguistic anthropology, archeology"

"Ethnology"

"A field within cultural anthropology that involves immersing oneself in cultures and taking notes"

"Linguistic Anthropology"

"A field within cultural anthropology that studies the history of language and its social context."

"Archeology"

"A field within anthropology that studies physical remains of past human activity."

"Paleoanthropology"

"Study bone/stone remains of ancient ancestors from millions of years ago."

"Primatology"

"Study of primates and what makes us similar and different from them."

"Human Variation"

"Study of physical differences and similarities of existing humans."

"4 major schools of psychology"

"behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism, cognitive"

"Behaviorism"

"A major school of psychology focusing on observable, measurable behaviors."

"Psychoanalysis"

"A major school of psychology that emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in behavior."

"Humanism"

"A major school of psychology that focuses on inherent goodness and free will."

"Cognitive Psychology"

"A major school of psychology that studies mental processes and intelligence."

"schools of thought in sociology"

"structural functionalism, conflict theory, feminist sociology, symbolic interactionism"

"Structural Functionalism"

"studies how social structures function to serve the needs of society."

"Conflict Theory"

"how power forms the base of the relationships between different groups and creates social conflict"

"Feminist Sociology"

"examines conflicts created by gender."

"Symbolic Interactionism"

"studies the individual's role within wider society and how people create their world through social experiences."

"Macrosociology"

"Studies society as a whole and analyzes social systems on a large scale."

"Microsociology"

"Studies role/interactions and how social systems shape individuals and small groups in society."

"3 careers in psychology"

"counseling psychologist, neuopsychologist, school psychologist"

"3 careers in sociology"

"urban planner, market research analyst, sociologist professor"

"3 careers in anthropology"

"-archeologist, museum curator, forensic anthropoligist"

"pierre lebrun/oc transpo case"

"-pierre entered the bus garage and shot 4 people -he was often teased by other employeees -suffered from anger managment issues and paranoia -garage culture suffered from poor communication, bullying, and union issues -77 reccomendations were created"

"bias"

"a slanted viewpoint in favor of or against one thing, person, or group, usually in a way considered to be unfair. When the participants/experimenters skew the accounts a certain way, either knowingly or unknowingly."

"why should we reflect on our bias"

"Recognize the impact of systemic inequity, Understand we all see the world from different perspectives, Everyone has biases that are projected onto others, often unconsciously"

"Hypothesis"

"A possible answer to a research question based on educated prediction."

"8 steps of the inquiry model"

"questions, focus, formulate hypothesis, collect data, assemble and analyze data, stop/check, present results, reflect"

"step one: questions"

"question should be answered through investigation. choose central research question"

"step two: focus"

"take notes about a topic, consider what people already know"

"step 3: formulate a hypothesis"

"hypothesis is a possible answer to the question based off an educated prediction"

"step 4: collect data"

"can use different methods (survey, experiment, interview). select method that providest he most relevant info"

"step 5: assemble and analyze data"

"organize data into graphs/charts to communicate the main idea"

"step 6: stop and check"

"ensure you have enough data to confirm/refute the hypothesis. (if more is needed, return to step 4)"

"step 7: present results"

"share discoveries with others (presentations, report)"

"5 research methods (cesio)"

"case studies, experiments, surveys/questionnaires, interviews, observation"

"step 8: reflect"

"reflect/evaluate the research process+results. identify rewards/challenges that emerged during the investigation"

"case studies (def/pros/cons)"

"in-depth study of a person, group, event, or situation to explore complex issues (pros: very detailed. cons: details can make it hard to apply to other circumstances)"

"experiments (def/pros/cons)"

"variables are manipulated to observe effects on behavior. (pros: can control variables. cons: because of the control, it can be hard to apply to the general population)"

"survey/questionnaires"

"collecting data from large groups of ppl using standardized questions (pros: reach a lot of peple, easy to see data. cons: standardized questions may lead to inaccurate info, could be less detailed)"

"interviews"

"collecting detailed info by asking participants directly (pros: detailed, qualitative info, ask follow-up questions. cons: can take a long time)"

"structured interviews"

"pre-set questions, asked in the same order"

"unstructured interview"

"flexible, open-ended questions to explore ideas"

"observation"

"watching/recording behavior in natural or controlled settings (structured, unstructured, participant-observation)"

"structured observation def pros and cons"

"researcher uses a checklist or coding system (pros: easy to record. cons: can miss info bc only looking for certain things)"

"unstructed observation"

"records everything freely (pros: get exact details, natural environment. cons: hard to control, can be very broad)"

"participant-observation"

"researcher joins the group being studied to better understand their perspective (pros: can really understand. cons: bias, can get too involved)"

"5 Ethical Guidelines (pipda)"

"protection, informed consent, privacy, debreifing, approval"

"Protection"

"Participants must be protected from unreasonable harm."

"Informed Consent"

"Participants should be aware of the purpose, procedure, and risks, and can withdraw at any time."

"Privacy"

"Participants must know who can see their personal information and how it will be protected."

"Debriefing"

"Participants must be informed of the real nature of the study if deception is used."

"Approval"

"Experiments involving participants must have approval from an independant panel"

"open-ended questions"

"questions that can have any answers"

"Closed Questions"

"Questions that usually have a yes or no answer."

"who conducted the stanford proson experiment"

"philip zimbardo"

"stanford prison experiment"

"-uni students created a mock prison. students divided into guards and prisoners. goal was to understand the psychological effects of being in control/subissive"

"stanford prison results"

"after 6 days, the experiment had to be called off. Guards became abusive, and prisoners became withdrawn and some even broke down. "

"objective information"

"observable, can be counted, described. "there were 220 tickets sold""

"subjective information"

"opinions, judgement, assumptions, beliefs, rumors, suspicions. "i feel, i think,""

"Hindsight Bias"

"Tendency to believe, after learning the outcome of an experiment, that you knew it all along"

"Hawthorne Effect"

"The fact that you are in an experiment can cause you to act differently"

"Placebo Effect"

"When you feel a change even though nothing really happened (a sugar pill)"

"Reflexivity"

"when you overcome your own bias"

"Quantitative Research"

"tests a hypothesis. closed questions with numerical results. surveys, lab based observation"

"Qualitative Research"

"build hypothesis based on data.. open-ended questions, descriptions, comparisons. interviews, naturalistic observation"

"Social Location"

"A combination of factors such as gender, race, class, age, and more that define an individual's position in society."

"Sampling Bias"

"When the selected participants do not represent the larger population."

"Confirmation Bias"

"researcher only looks for evidence that supports what they believe"

"Leading Question Bias"

"When the wording of questions influences participants towards a specific answer."

"Cultural Bias"

"Interpreting information solely through one's own cultural perspective."

"Gender Bias"

"Assumptions made about roles and behaviors based on gender."

"Reporting Bias"

"results presented selectively/distorting the results"