chapter 3 immunology - major cytokine families

What are the six major cytokine families?

IL-1, Class 1, Class 2, TNF, IL-17, and chemokines.

What is the major function of the IL-1 family?

Promotes inflammation.

Which important inflammatory cytokine belongs to the IL-1 family?

IL-1β.

Which cells secrete IL-1 early in immune responses?

Macrophages and dendritic cells.

What does local IL-1 help recruit?

Leukocytes.

What does systemic IL-1 stimulate the liver to produce?

Acute-phase proteins.

What is another name for Class 1 cytokines?

Hematopoietins.

Are most Class 1 cytokine receptors single-chain or multi-subunit?

Multi-subunit.

What does IL-2 regulate?

T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and function.

What does IL-4 drive naïve CD4 T cells to become?

TH2 cells.

What does IL-6 stimulate?

Acute-phase responses, hematopoiesis, and immune reactions.

What are the major Type I interferons?

IFN-α and IFN-β.

What is the major function of Type I interferons?

Antiviral and antitumor effects.

What is the Type II interferon?

IFN-γ.

Which cells produce IFN-γ?

Activated T cells and NK cells.

What is the Type III interferon?

IFN-λ.

Is TNF-α proinflammatory?

Yes.

Which cells are major producers of TNF-α?

Activated macrophages and other cells.

What does Fas ligand induce?

Apoptosis.

What do BAFF and APRIL support?

B-cell development and homeostasis.

Are IL-17 family cytokines proinflammatory?

Yes.

Which T-cell subset is associated with IL-17 production?

TH17 cells.

What does the IL-17 family promote?

Neutrophil accumulation and activation.

Which cytokine family primarily acts as chemoattractants?

Chemokines.