6. Endocrine system

1. Adenohypophys is derives from the ectoderm of the primary oral cavity.

A. Yes

B. No

A

2. There are three parts in the adenohypophysis.

A. Yes

B. No

A

3. Lobus pyramidalis is not an obligatory part of the thyroid gland.

A. Yes

B.No

A

4. Acidophilic cells constitute 30-40% of the cell composition of adenohypophysis.

A. Yes

B No

A

5. The islets of Langerhans are mostly located in the head pancreas.

A.yes

B. No

B

6. Secretion of Langerhans' island cells is regulated by the adenohypophysis.

A.yes

B. No

B

7. Gonadotropic cells refer to the acidophilic cells of adenohypophysis.

A.Yes

B. No

B

8. Calcitonin and parathormone have antagonistic function.

A. Yes

B. No

A

9. Parafollicular cells have mesoblastic origin.

A. Yes

B. No

B

10. The function of parafollicular cells is regulated from adenohypophysis.

A. Yes

B. No

B

11. The cells of the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland produce aldosterone.

A. Yes

B. no

B

12. The cells of zona glomerulosa in suprarenal gland are functionally related with juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney

A. Yes

B. No

A

13. Secretory cells in epiphysis are pituicytes.

A. Yes

B. No

B

14. There are two lobes in the thyroid gland.

A. Yes

B. No

B

15. Iodine is needed for the synthesis of the parafollicular hormone.

A. Yes

B. No

B

16. Melatonin is secreted by the cells of epiphysis.

A.Yes

B. No

A

17. Mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular folds are characteristic for the cells of the gland:

A. Cortex of suprarenal gland

B. Medulla of suprarenal gland

C. Thyroid gland

D. Adenohypophysis

A

18. What kind are the capillaries of the hypophysis?

A. Non Continuous

B. Fenestrative

C. Continuous

D. All 3 kinds

A

19. The hormones of the neurohypophysis are produced from cells lovated in:

A.Neurohypophysis

B. Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus

C. Medial nucleus

D. Infundibulum

B

20. In the chromophilic cells of adenohypophysis are stained with different staining:

A. Mitochondria

B. Granules

C. Plasmalema

D. Golgi apparatus

B

21. For which gland adenohypophysis does not secrete hormones?

A. Ovary

B. Mammary gland

C. Parathyroid gland

D. Cortex of suprarenal gland

C

22. Herring bodies are:

A. Structure of pituicytes

B. Vescicles with hormone, found in the terminal part of the axon of the neurosecretory cells Dilated Blood Sinuses

C. Granules in chromophilic cells

B

23. In normal function of the thyroid gland, thyrocytes in follicles are:

A. Squamous

B. Cuboidal

C. Cylindrical

D. Flattened

B

24. Indicate how the cells of the cortex of suprarenal gland are called:

A. Chromaffin

B. Adrenocorticocytes

C. Pituicytes

D. Pinealocytes

B

25. Pituicytes are cells in:

A. Neurohypophysis

B. Epiphiss

C. Thyroid gland

D. Adenohypophysis

A

26. The cells of the APUD system are:

A. Basophilic

B. Acidophilic

C. Argentophilic

D. Sudanophilic

C

27. Tubulovesicular mitochondria are typical for:

A. The cells of the adrenal gland cortex

B. C cells of the thyroid gland

C. Thyrocytes

A

28. The cells of the adrenal gland cortex are:

A. Chromaphin

B. Adrenocorticocytes

C. Pinealocytes

B

29. Insulin is produced by:

A. A- cells of the Langerhans islets

B. B- cells of the Langerhans islets

C. pinealocytes

D. adrenocorticocytes

B

30. C cells are in:

A. Thyroid gland

B. adenohypophysis

C. adrenal gland

A

31. The epithelium of the thyroid follicle in hypofunction is:

A. Cuboidal

B. Cylindrical

C. Flatten

C

32. Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland have:

A. Ectoblastic origin

B. Mesoblastic origin

C. Endoblastic origin

D. Mesenchymal origin

A

T/F

33. For endocrine glands is characteristic:

A. Pour their secretion into the cavities

B. Rich network of fenestrated capillaries

C. Originate only from the ectoblast

D. Participate in the humoral regulation of vital functions

F

T

F

T

34. For the basophilic cells of the adenohypophysis is characteristic:

A. Regulate the synthesis and secretion of triiodothyronine and thyroxine

B. Contain granules stained with basic dyes

C. Consist of 50% of all the cells of adenohypophysis

D. Secrete steroid hormones

E. Functionally they are separated to 3 kinds

T

T

F

F

T

35. For the thyroid gland is characteristic:

A. Follicles as the main structural unit

B. 2 kinds of secretory cells

C. The function of parafollicular cells is independent from the hormones of adenohypophysis.

D. The hormone of parafollicular cells is tetraiodothyronin.

E. Has endoblastic origin

T

T

F

F

T

36. For the follicular cells of the thyroid gland-thyrocytes is characteristic:

A. Synthesize and secrete calcitonin

B. Organized in groups with connective tissue between the follicles

C. They have double secretion

D. They have cuboid shape and oval nuclei

E. They can transform iodide ions to iodine

F

F

T

T

T

37. For the cortex of the suprarenal gland is characteristic:

A. Separated to 3 zones

B. Cells with mitochondria with cristae from tubulo-vesicular type and lipid inclusions.

C. Cells of zona glomerulosa form strands reaching the medulla of the gland.

D. Regular for the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids is the system renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.

E. Cells of zona fasciculata produce a great amount of vitamin C.

T

T

F

F

T

38. For the medulla of the suprarenal gland is characteristic:

A. Divide into 3 zones.

B. Originates from ectoblast

C. cells with an affinity to chromium salts and called Chromafin

D. cells with mitochondria with cristae from tubular- vesicular type and lipids

E. Secrete hormones originating from dopamine

F

T

T

F

T

39. For the cells of the reticular zone of the adrenal gland is characteristic :

A. Peripherally located directly below the capsule

B. Synthesize glycocorticoid hormones

C. Their function is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone

D. Arranged in strands that form a network

E. Have affinity with chromium salts

F

F

T

T

F

40. For the endocrine part of the pancreas (Islets of Langerhans ) is characteristic:

A. Arranged in the follicles

B. Four types of basic secretory cells

C. The islets are mostly located in the pancreatic head

D. B-Cells are located in the islets

E. Secretion is regulated by hormones of the adenohypophysis

F

T

F

T

F

41. For cells of the APUD- system is characteristic:

A. Neuroectodermal origin

B. available only in the organs of the digestive system

C. producing polypeptide hormones and biogenic amines

D. Depending on the pituitary hormones

E. Affinity for silver and chromium salts

T

F

T

F

T

42. For the epiphysis is characteristic:

A. Belongs structurally to the hypothalamus

B. There are two different types of secretory cells

C. It is called the pineal gland

D. Released peptide hormones and biogenic amines

E. A gonadotropic action

F

F

T

T

F

43. Central organs of the endocrine system are:

A.

B.

A) hypothalamus

B) epiphysis and hypophysis

44. According to its affinity for different dyes adenohypophysis cells are divided into:

A.

B.

A) acidophilic

B) basophilic

45. The parts of the adenohypophysis are:

A.

B.

C.

A) pars tuberalis

B) pars distalis

C) pars intermedia

46. The hormones of the neurohypophysis are:

A.

B.

A) vazopresin/antidiuretic hormone

B) oxytocin

47. The system of the hypothalamic-adenohypophysis blood supply is called

portal hypophysis system

48. The cells of the thyroid gland are:

A.

B.

A) Thyrocytes and parafollicular cells

B) calcitonin

49. Specify how the cells of the medullar part of the adrenal glands and their secretory products are called:

A.

B.

A) Adrenocytes and epinephrocytes

B) adrenaline and noradrenaline

50. The zones of the cortex of the adrenal gland are:

A.

B.

C.

A) zona glomerulosa

B) zona fasciculata

C) zona reticularis

51. The cells that produce releasing factors are located in the following nuclei in hypothalamus:

A.

B.

C.

A) nucleus dorsomedialis

B) nucleus ventromedialis

C) nucleus infundibularis

52. B cells in the endocrine pancreas represent A)_________% of the islets of Langerhans and produce the hormone B)__________________

A) 75%

B) insulin

53. The secretory cells of the epiphysis are A)_________ and produce the hormone B)_________________

A) pinealocytes

B) melatonin, serotonin

54. Connect hormones with glands:

A. Aldosterone

B. Melatonin

C. Somatotropin

D. Thyroxin

E. Insulin

___

1. Adenohypophysis

2. Adrenal Gland.

3. Islets of Langerhans

4. Epiphysis

5. Thyroid Gland

A) 2

B) 4

C) 1

D) 5

E) 3

55.

A. Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.

B. Mediobasal and tuberal nuclei

___

1. Secretion of the antidiuretic hormone

2. Secretion of liberins and statins

3. connected with neurohypophysis

4. Secretion of oxytocin

5. Secretion in the capillary network of median eminence

A) 1, 3, 4

B) 2, 5

56. Connect the relevant endocrine glands with embryonal structures from which they are originated

A. Adenohypophysis

B. Epiphysis

C. Adrenal Cortex

D. Parathyroid Gland

E. Thyroid Gland

___

1. Neuroectoderm

2. Endoderm

3. Ectoderm of the oral cavity

4. Mesoderm

A) 3

B) 1

C) 4

D) 1

E) 2

57.

A. islets of Langerhans

B. cortex of the adrenal gland

C. thyroid gland

D. epiphysis

E. Leydig cells
___

1. crystalloids of Reinke

2. adrenocorticocytes

3. C-cells

4. B -cells

5. acervulus

A) 4

B) 2

C) 3

D) 5

E) 1

58. Connect each description with the gland:

A. Follicles.

B. Chromafin cells

C. Portal Circulation

D. Pinealocytes

E. Bodies of Herring

___

1. Neurohypophysis

2. Adenohypophysis

3. Medulla of the Adrenal gland

4. Thryoid Gland

5. Epiphysis

A) 4

B) 3

C) 2

D) 5

E) 1