Stages and Teacher Strategies 622

education

Pre-Production

Minimal speech, nodding, pointing.

teacher strats for pre-production

Use visuals, gestures, yes/no questions, model language

Early Production

1–2 word responses, simple phrases

Early Production Strats

Ask questions that require 1-word answers, use word banks

Speech Emergent

Short sentences, beginning conversation.

Speech Emergent Strat

Encourage risk-taking, cooperative groups, expand vocabulary

Beginning Fluency

More complex sentences, occasional errors.

Beginning Fluency Strats

Ask higher-level questions, focus on academic language

Intermediate Fluency

Nearly fluent, few errors, good comprehension.

Intermediate Fluency Strats

Push critical thinking, introduce idioms, provide feedback

Advanced Fluency

Near-native proficiency.

Advanced Fluency Strats

Challenge academically, fine-tune writing and speaking skills