191 Lab 2 Bacteria and Protists

Prokaryotes

Domain and kingdom Bacteria

Nutritional modes

Autotrophic (cyanobacteria)

Heterotrophic (most)

Saprotrophic - send digestive enzymes into the environment and absorb it after (decomposers)

Bacterial structure

have cytosol

prokaryotic - circluar double-standed DNA around a nucleoid

no true nucleus

no membrane bound organelles

have ribosomes

cell wall of peptidoglycan

plasma membrane between cell wall and cytoplasm

pili on surface

flagellum

Cocci

spherical bacteria shape

Bacilli

Rod shaped bacteria

Spirilla

Spiral shaped bacteria

Gram positive

Cell wall with 60-90 percent peptidoglycan

stains purple

penicillin is effective because it binds to the thick peptidoglycan

Gram negative

Cell walls with 10-20 pecent peptidoglycan

Stains pink

Micrococcus luteus

Gram positive

Shape: cocci

Rhodospirillum rubrum

Gram negtive

Shape: spiral clusters

Bacillus megaterium

Gram positive

Shape: Rods

Protists

Eukaryotic

nucleus with linar DNA

membrane-bound organelles

Physarum

Slime molds

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Protista

Phylum: Ameobazoa

phagocytic - hunt and engulf prey

Phylum Acrasiomycota - Cellular slime molds

Phylum Myxomycota - acellular slime molds

cytoplasmic streaming

Amoeba

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Protista

Phylum: Ameobazoa

Genus Amoeba

moves by pseudopodia

phagocytosis

asexual reproduction

gram negative

nucleus

Paramecium

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Prototista

Genus: Paramecium

Pellicle outter layer

trichocysts: cell membrane

cilia

contractile vacuole: holds and excretes excess water

micronucleus: reproduction

macronucleus: day to day activites

Euglena

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Prototista

Genus: Euglena

flagella

chloroplast

eyespot

mixotrophic: auto and hetero

nucleus

Green Algae

asexual reproduction is common

sexual reproduction can be isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy

aquatic

photosynthetic

Isogamy

motile male

motle female

look alike

Heterogamy

motile male

larger identical female

Oogamy

small motile male

large non-motile female

Volvox

Domain: Eukarya

Genus: Volvox

Sexual reproduction: oogamous

Asexual reproduction: repeated mitosis to make a daughter colony that stays in the parent until it breaks down

Spirogyra

Domain: Eukarya

Genus: Spirogyra

Spiral chloroplasts

Sexual reproduction: isogamous

Conjugation tube: forms between two haploid filaments to allow gametes to fuse