Aircraft Materials, Processes, Hardware, and Fabrication Practice Flashcards

500 comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering steel and aluminum alloys, copper alloys, aircraft hardware designations, rivet coding, temper specifications, torque calculations, sheet metal fabrication formulas, and weld evaluation criteria.

Carbon in Steel Heat Treatment

Increasing carbon content allows steel to be more receptive to heat treatment.

Carbon in Steel Tensile Strength and Hardness

Higher carbon content in steel results in higher tensile strength and higher hardness.

Sulfur in Steel Fire Prevention

Sulfur in steel prevents the start of fire.

Hot Short

Brittleness in steel at rolling or forging temperatures caused by sulfur.

Sulfur Induced Brittleness Temperature

Sulfur causes brittleness in steel specifically at rolling or forging temperatures.

Silicon as Steel Hardener

Silicon serves as a hardener when alloyed into steel.

Silicon in Springs

Silicon is alloyed in steel used for manufacturing springs.

Silicon Effect on Metal Soundness

Silicon makes steel a sound metal.

Phosphorous Effect on Yield Strength

Phosphorous raises the yield strength of steel.

Cold Short

Brittleness in steel when cold, caused by phosphorous.

Phosphorous Induced Brittleness

Phosphorous causes brittleness in steel when cold (cold short).

Nickel in Steel Strength Properties

Nickel adds strength, hardness, and yield strength to steel.

Nickel Effect on Rate of Hardening

Nickel slows the rate of hardening in steel.

Nickel Effect on Grain Structure

Nickel produces a finer grain structure in steel.

Nickel Steel Applications

Nickel steel is used in bolts, nuts, rod ends, and pins.

Chromium in Steel Properties

Chromium adds strength, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance to steel.

Chromium Antifriction Bearings Application

Chromium steel is used in balls and rollers of antifriction bearings.

Chromium Engine Components Application

Chromium is alloyed to steel used in cylinder walls and bearing journals.

Stainless Steel Applications

Stainless steel is used in firewalls and exhaust systems.

Stainless Steel Structure Types

Stainless steels are categorized into austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic steels.

Molybdenum Effect on Grain Size

Molybdenum reduces the grain size of steel.

Molybdenum Impact Strength and Elastic Limit

Molybdenum increases impact strength and elastic limit in steel.

Molybdenum Wear and Fatigue Strength

Molybdenum makes steel extremely wear resistant and provides high fatigue strength.

Chrome-Moly Applications

Chrome-moly steel is used in landing gears and engine mounts.

Vanadium Steel Characteristics

Vanadium creates a strong, tough, and ductile steel alloy.

Vanadium Effect on Grain Structure

Vanadium improves the grain structure of steel.

Vanadium Effect on UTS

Vanadium increases ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and toughness in steel.

Vanadium Steel Applications

Vanadium steel is used for wrenches and ball bearings.

Tungsten Melting Point

Tungsten is characterized by a high melting point.

Red Hardness

The property of tungsten steel alloys to retain their hardness at high temperatures.

Tungsten Applications

Tungsten is used for breaker contacts in magnetos and for high-speed cutting tools.

Magnesium Castings Usage

Magnesium is used for castings.

Magnesium Weight Relative to Aluminum

Magnesium is one of the lightest metals, being $\frac{2}{3}$ as light as aluminum.

Magnesium Dust Flammability

Magnesium burns readily in dust form.

Titanium Strength and Weight Comparisons

Titanium is lighter than steel and stronger than aluminum.

Titanium Strength-to-Weight Ratio

Titanium has light weight with a high strength-to-weight ratio.

Titanium Corrosion Resistance

Titanium features excellent corrosion resistance.

1xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

1xxx series represents pure aluminum.

1xxx Series Aluminum Properties

1xxx series aluminum has high corrosion resistance, excellent thermal and electrical properties, is easily worked, and is low in strength.

2xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

2xxx series aluminum is alloyed with copper.

2xxx Series Aluminum Strength

2xxx series aluminum produces greater strength.

2xxx Series Corrosion Susceptibility

2xxx series aluminum is susceptible to intergranular corrosion when improperly heat-treated.

3xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

3xxx series aluminum is alloyed with manganese.

3xxx Series Heat Treatment Response

3xxx series aluminum is non heat-treatable.

3xxx Series Properties

3xxx series aluminum has moderate strength and good working characteristics.

3xxx Series Applications

3xxx series aluminum is used for cowls and baffle plating.

4xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

4xxx series aluminum is alloyed with silicon.

4xxx Series Applications

4xxx series aluminum works well for welding and brazing, producing sound metal.

5xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

5xxx series aluminum is alloyed with magnesium.

5xxx Series Welding and Corrosion

5xxx series aluminum offers good welding and corrosion-resistance.

5xxx Series High Temp / Cold Work Vulnerability

If exposed to high temperatures or excessive cold working, 5xxx series aluminum becomes more susceptible to corrosion.

6xxx Series Aluminum Major Elements

6xxx series aluminum is alloyed with silicon and magnesium.

6xxx Series Properties

6xxx series aluminum provides medium strength with good forming and corrosion-resistance properties.

7xxx Series Aluminum Major Element

7xxx series aluminum is alloyed with zinc.

7xxx Series Properties

Zinc in 7xxx series makes aluminum alloys harder and stronger.

Copper Alloys Conductivity

Copper alloys have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.

Copper Alloys Wiring Primary Metal

Copper alloys are the primary metal used for electrical wiring.

Brass Composition

Brass is a copper alloy that contains zinc.

Brass Hardware Applications

Brass is used in making bolts and nuts.

Brass Salt Water Application

Brass is used in parts that come in contact with salt water.

Bronze Composition

Bronze is a copper alloy that contains tin.

Bronze Tube Fittings Tin Limit

Bronze with less than $11\%$ tin is used for tube fittings.

Beryllium Copper Popularity

Beryllium copper is one of the most used copper alloys.

Beryllium Copper Applications

Beryllium copper is useful for diaphragms, precision bearings and bushings, ball cages, and spring washers.

Wrought Aluminum Alloys Mnemonic

ACo Man Si MaMa siZOU

Cast Aluminum Alloys Mnemonic

ACo Sicomag Si MagUZTO

AA Numbering System S Prefix

The letter S denotes wrought alloys in the AA numbering system.

AA Numbering System Without S Prefix

Absence of S denotes cast alloys in the AA numbering system.

Temper Designation H

Designates strain hardened by cold work.

Temper Designation T

Designates hardened by heat treatment.

Temper Designation O

Designates heat treatable alloy in annealed soft state.

Temper Designation SRT

Designates heat treated, and strain hardened.

Temper Designation W

Designates intermediate heat treatment.

Alclad Definition

Coated with a thin layer of pure aluminum.

Magnesium Alloying Element A

Represents Aluminum in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Alloying Element E

Represents Rare Earth in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Alloying Element H

Represents Thorium in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Alloying Element K

Represents Zirconium in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Alloying Element M

Represents Manganese in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Alloying Element Z

Represents Zinc in magnesium alloy codes.

Magnesium Temper Condition F

Represents fabricated condition.

Magnesium Temper Condition O

Represents annealed wrought material condition.

Magnesium Temper Condition H24

Represents strain hardened and partially annealed condition.

Magnesium Temper Condition T4

Represents solution heat-treated condition.

Magnesium Temper Condition T5

Represents artificially aged only condition.

Magnesium Temper Condition T6

Represents solution heat-treated and artificially aged condition.

AZ31A-T4 Aluminum Content

AZ31A-T4 contains $3\%$ Aluminum.

AZ31A-T4 Zinc Content

AZ31A-T4 contains $1\%$ Zinc.

AZ31A-T4 Temper Meaning

The suffix -T4 in AZ31A-T4 means solution heat-treated.

Basic Temper Designation F

As fabricated.

Basic Temper Designation O

Annealed.

Basic Temper Designation H

Strain hardened (non-heat-treatable products only).

H1, H2, H3 Follow-up Mnemonic

OPaSta

Basic Temper Designation W

Solution heat-treated.

Basic Temper Designation T

Heat treated to produce stable tempers.

Hx2 Hardening Degree

$\frac{1}{4}$ hard

Hx4 Hardening Degree

$\frac{1}{2}$ hard

Hx6 Hardening Degree

$\frac{3}{4}$ hard

Hx8 Hardening Degree

Full hard

Hx9 Hardening Degree

Extra hard