Structure of prokaryotic cells and of viruses

Which four organelles are found in all prokaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm, cell surface membrane, 70S ribosomes, cell wall

Which type of organelles are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

Membrane-bound organelles

What are the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells known as?

70S ribosomes

What are the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells known as?

80S ribosomes

What is the difference between 70S ribosomes and 80S ribosomes?

70S ribosomes are smaller

What are the three functions of a prokaryotic cell wall?

Protection, maintaining the cell shape, prevent the cell from bursting

What is the prokaryotic cell wall made up of?

Murein/peptidoglycan

What are three organelles that are sometimes present in prokaryotic cells?

Plasmids, flagella, capsule

What shape is the flagella?

Tail-shaped

What is the function of the flagella in prokaryotic cells?

To help the prokaryotic cell move towards food, as well as away from danger

What is the capsule, and what is it made up of?

A layer outside of the prokaryotic cell wall, made up of sugars and polysaccharides

What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

• Protection

• Adherence to other cells

• Food reserve

What word can viruses be described as that means they are not made up of cells?

Acellular

Why are viruses described as non-living?

They do not have their own metabolism and cannot replicate on their own

Compare the size of viruses to the size of cells.

Viruses are much smaller than cells

What three structures do all viruses contain?

Genetic material, a protein capsid, attachment proteins

What form can the genetic material take in viruses?

RNA or DNA, double-stranded or single-stranded

What is the function of the protein capsid in viruses?

It stores and protects the genetic material

What are attachment proteins and what is their function?

Proteins found on the surface of viruses, used to attach to host cells

What structure do some viruses contain?

A lipid envelope

What is the lipid envelope made up of?

Phospholipids stolen from host cell membranes

What is the lipid envelope?

An outer phospholipid layer found in viruses