ch 1 cognitive psych

pure basic research

Highly relevant for the advancement of knowledge less relevant for immediate application
(ex: Bohr)

use inspired basic research

highly relevant for the advancement of knowledge and highly relevant for immediate application
(ex: pasteur)

pure applied research

less relevant for the advancement of knowledge and highly relevant for immediate application
(ex: edison )

cognitive psychology 

the study of knowledge 

William Wundt 

focused on conscious mental events
trained students to introspect → tried to observe basic perceptions
cons: not objective, could possibly be not what they are thinking about, people say thoughts after they have happened 

behaviorism

only looking at observable behaviors believing that mental events aren’t relevant
behavior changes with reward and punishment
created by John B Watson
cons: diff stimuli can make same response, and same stimuli can make diff behavior 

Tolman 

proved cognitive maps 
with the rat experience test with spokes 

Sternberg

timing mental operations
created the IQ test which suggests that there are three abilities of intelligence

HM

-hippocampus removed and couldn’t make new memories but had other ones

Dr Milner star experiment

DF → couldn’t explain the shape of the star but she was able to navigate it with her hands. She got faster and faster suggest more than one memory system 

3 ways of explaining things we can’t see 

cognitive maps
procedural memory
ability of making new memories 

SPAN test

measures working memory capacity

what is working memory made of

central executive, subvocalization, phonological buffer, articulatory rehearsal loop, visual spatial sketch pad 

central executive 

your decisions 

subvocalization

thinking to yourself (inner ear)

phonological buffer

Hearing your thoughts in your head (language)

articulatory rehearsal loop

inner voice (language)

visual spatial sketch pad

remembering where things are (vision) (inner eye)

aphantasia

inability to mentally visualize

Sternberg test (information processing)

used to understand the time for each process
1. information is just information 

2. processing is symbolic 

3. there are stages and time can be used as a measure