Head & Neck 6: Muscles Face & Scalp

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Last updated 5:49 PM on 9/15/26

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16 Terms

1

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Scalp

Made of skin and subcutaneous tissue

5 Layers S.C.A.L.P:

Skin (thin)
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis (tendonous)
Loose connective tissue (spongelike)
Pericranium (dense)

<p>Made of skin and subcutaneous tissue</p><p>5 Layers S.C.A.L.P:</p><ol><li><p>Skin (thin)</p></li><li><p>Connective tissue (dense)</p></li><li><p>Aponeurosis (tendonous)</p></li><li><p>Loose connective tissue (spongelike)</p></li><li><p>Pericranium (dense)</p></li></ol><p></p>

2

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Skin

Thin, blood vessels and nerves

<p>Thin, blood vessels and nerves</p>

3

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Connective tissue

Dense, lots of blood vessels and nerves

Connects skin to aponeurosis

Scalp blood vessels are firmly attached to the dense connective tissue, so when cut, they cannot constrict normally. Combined with the scalp’s rich blood supply, this causes profuse bleeding.

<p>Dense, lots of blood vessels and nerves</p><p>Connects skin to aponeurosis</p><p><span>Scalp blood vessels are firmly attached to the dense connective tissue, so when cut, they cannot constrict normally. Combined with the scalp’s rich blood supply, this causes profuse bleeding.</span></p>

4

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<p>Aponeurosis</p>

Aponeurosis

Strong thin tendon sheet

Attachment of occipital and frontalis

<p>Strong thin tendon sheet</p><p>Attachment of occipital and frontalis</p>

5

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Loose connective tissue

Spongelike layer

Contains emissary veins (small) that connect extra cranial veins in scalp to dural venous sinuses…emissary veins potential pathways for infection to spread into intracranial space

<p>Spongelike layer</p><p>Contains emissary veins (small) that connect extra cranial veins in scalp to dural venous sinuses…emissary veins potential pathways for infection to spread into intracranial space</p>

6

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Pericranium

Dense connective tissue

Periosteum (tough, thin layer of connective tissue that covers bone) that covers cranial bones

<p>Dense connective tissue</p><p>Periosteum (tough, thin layer of connective tissue that covers bone) that covers cranial bones</p>

7

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Scalp blood supply

Braches of the external carotid artery

Superficial temporal artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery

Drainage of blood by same named veins and exit via the external jugular vein

<p>Braches of the external carotid artery</p><ul><li><p>Superficial temporal artery</p></li><li><p>Occipital artery</p></li><li><p>Posterior auricular artery</p></li></ul><p>Drainage of blood by same named veins and exit via the external jugular vein</p><p></p>

8

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Scalp nerves

Trigeminal (CN V) nerve branches

Cervical nerves

<p>Trigeminal (CN V) nerve branches</p><p>Cervical nerves</p>

9

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Muscles of facial expression

All innervated (supplied/controlled) by facial nerve (CN VII)

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Depressor anguli oris
Platysma

10

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<p>Occipitofrontalis/Fronal belly</p>

Occipitofrontalis/Fronal belly

Origin: aponeurosis (wide flat tendon sheet that connects the frontal belly to occipital belly), front of scalp

Insertion: skin overlying frontal bone and root of nose

Action: raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

<p>Origin: aponeurosis (wide flat tendon sheet that connects the frontal belly to occipital belly), front of scalp</p><p>Insertion: skin overlying frontal bone and root of nose</p><p>Action: raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead</p>

11

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<p>Orbicularis Oculi (orbital sphincter)</p>

Orbicularis Oculi (orbital sphincter)

Action: winks and closes eyes

<p>Action: winks and closes eyes</p>

12

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<p>Orbicularis Oris (oral sphincter)</p>

Orbicularis Oris (oral sphincter)

Action: kiss/pucker lips

(No origin & insertion on test because too many)

<p>Action: kiss/pucker lips</p><p>(No origin & insertion on test because too many)</p>

13

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<p>Zygomaticus major</p>

Zygomaticus major

Origin: zygomatic bone (lateral)

Insertion: angle of the mouth

Action: lifts upper lips and angle of mouth = smile

<p>Origin: zygomatic bone (lateral)</p><p>Insertion: angle of the mouth</p><p>Action: lifts upper lips and angle of mouth = smile</p>

14

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<p>Zygomaticus minor</p>

Zygomaticus minor

Origin: zygomatic bone (medial)

Insertion: upper lip

Action: lifts upper lip and angle of mouth = smile

<p>Origin: zygomatic bone (medial)</p><p>Insertion: upper lip</p><p>Action: lifts upper lip and angle of mouth = smile</p>

15

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<p>Depressor anguli oris</p>

Depressor anguli oris

Origin: body of mandible

Insertion: inferior border of orbicularis oris

Action: lowers angle of mouth = frown/sad

<p>Origin: body of mandible</p><p>Insertion: inferior border of orbicularis oris</p><p>Action: lowers angle of mouth = frown/sad</p>

16

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<p>Platysma</p>

Platysma

Extremely thin tissue, very difficult to disect

Origin: subcutaneous fascia of upper chest

Insertion: subcutaneous fascia of mandible and skin of cheek/lower lip

Action: tenses skin of inferior face and neck

<p>Extremely thin tissue, very difficult to disect</p><p>Origin: subcutaneous fascia of upper chest</p><p>Insertion: subcutaneous fascia of mandible and skin of cheek/lower lip</p><p>Action: tenses skin of inferior face and neck</p>