AP EURO - UNIT 1 Renaissance and Exploration

Which of the following paved the way for a loosening of the grip of the feudal system in the late Middle Ages? (KC 1.1)*

-population declines due to the Black Death improved the bargaining power of peasants

-the church ceased to be a central force guiding the lives of Europeans

-feudal kings no longer were able to afford standing armies to control their realms

-large-scale peasant rebellions forced feudal lords to abolish serfdom

population declines due to the Black Death improved the bargaining power of peasants

Humanists began to break free from the medieval philosophy known as ___, which focused on religious inquiries. (KC 1.2)

Scholasticism

All the following were important Italian Humanists during the Renaissance EXCEPT: (KC 1.2)*

Petrarch

Cicero

Marsilio Ficino

 Pico della Mirandola

Cicero

All the following are true of Machiavelli EXCEPT: (KC 1.2)*

-He presented a cynical view of human nature

 -He emphasized the importance of maintaining stability even if it meant committing acts of bribery or lying

-His most famous work provided advice to rulers, using morality as its guide

-His worldview was shaped by the violence and instability in Florence during his lifetime

His most famous work provided advice to rulers, using morality as its guide

Which of the following artists is correctly matched with one of their most famous works? (KC 1.2)*

Leon Battista Alberti -- The Birth of Venus

Leonardo da Vinci -- The School of Athens

Raphael -- The Last Supper

Michelangelo -- The David

What best describes an important difference between Northern and Italian Humanists? (KC 1.3)*

-Northern Humanists focused more on the upper classes as inspiration for their art

-Northern Humanists focused more on religion

 -Northern Humanists focused less on human subjects and more on the supernatural

-Northern Humanists depended less on wealthy patrons to support their work

Northern humanists focused more on religion

All the following are true of Erasmus EXCEPT: (KC 1.3)*

-He called for people to read the Bible themselves

 -He wrote "In Praise of Folly"

-He satirized the inadequacies of the clergy and the papacy

-He was a vocal supporter of Martin Luther's approach to reforms

He was a vocal supporter of Martin Luther's approach to reforms

What accurately describes "vernacular literature" in the 15th & 16th centuries? (KC 1.4)*

-It was written in the everyday language of a region

 -It was the main way the Bible was printed in the Middle Ages

-It was synonymous with literature produced in Latin

-Its spread was limited by the printing press

It was written in the everyday language of a region

What best describes the Act of Supremacy? (KC 1.5)*

It made the king of England the head of the Anglican Church

It allowed Ferdinand and Isabella to subdue the nobles of Spain and join their kingdoms

It allowed Mary I to become a legitimate heir to the English throne

It gave additional secular powers and oversight to the Pope

It made the king of England the head of the Anglican Church

Those known as "new monarchs" in the 15th and 16th centuries typically did all the following EXCEPT: (KC 1.5)*

created strong military forces

implemented systems of justice

allowed religious toleration

established bureaucratic methods of tax collection

allowed religious toleration

The Diet and Peace of Augsburg attempted to reconcile differences between Catholics and Protestants in... (KC 1.5)*

Holy Roman Empire

 

England

France

Italy

HRE

All the following were major motives for exploration in the 15th & 16th centuries EXCEPT: (KC 1.6)*

The belief in mercantilism and desire to create a favorable balance of trade by establishing colonies

The desire to curb inflation that was making it difficult for everyday people to afford their daily necessities

The quest for a water route to connect Europe and Asia to bypass Ottoman-controlled trade routes

The desire to spread their religious faith around the world

The desire to curb inflation that was making it difficult for everyday people to afford their daily necessities

To sail long distances in unknown waters, Europeans adopted navigational technology from ... (KC 1.6)*

The Middle East and West Africa

Ancient Greece and Rome

China and West Africa

China and the Middle East

china and the middle east

What best describes the Treaty of Tordesillas? (KC 1.7)*

The treaty allowed the Spanish to implement an encomienda system under the blessing of the Pope

The treaty created an agreement between France and England that separated the New World into separate spheres of colonial influence

The treaty allowed the Portuguese to implement an encomienda system under the blessing of the Pope

The treaty created an agreement between Spain and Portugal that separated the New World into separate spheres of colonial influence

The treaty created an agreement between Spain and Portugal that separated the New World into separate spheres of colonial influence

What was the main idea emphasized by Bartolome de las Casas? (KC 1.7)*

the culture of the Inca and Aztec must be preserved and protected

the asiento system was a violation of Biblical ideas of morality

the encomienda system of forced labor was unjust

the conversion of indigenous people ought to be the top priority for Spain

the encomienda system of forced labor was unjust

What accurately describes the colonial holdings of Europeans in the 15th - 17th centuries? (KC 1.7)*

PORTUGUESE -- They gained a foothold on trade with West Africa but did not establish colo0nies in the Western Hemisphere

ENGLAND -- Their East India Company competed with the Dutch and Portuguese for trade in Asia

THE NETHERLANDS -- They established settler colonies across the Atlantic seaboard in North America

FRANCE -- They dominated the lucrative spice trade with the East Indies

ENGLAND -- Their East India Company competed with the Dutch and Portuguese for trade in Asia

What best defines primogeniture? (KC 2.6)*

the new practice of allowing women an expanded role in the household

the shift toward later marriages in the 16th century

the process by which an apprentice learned a skilled trade

the traditional model of passing wealth and land to the eldest son

the traditional model of passing wealth and land to the eldest son

One place that offered extensive religious tolerance, even to Jews, which facilitated trade and economic growth was... (KC 2.6)*

France

England

Amsterdam

Bavaria

Amsterdam

One opportunity gained by women as a result of the Reformation was... (KC 2.6)*

opportunities to become members of the clergy themselves

acceptance of more outspoken female religious reformers

an emphasis on literacy led to more women gaining educational opportunities

increased access to convents as a way to escape the pressure to marry

an emphasis on literacy led to more women gaining educational opportunities.

All the following circumstances led to later marriages EXCEPT: (KC 2.6)*

periods of economic prosperity

times that populations rebounded after catastrophes

periods of harsh winters and poor harvests

catastrophic periods of epidemics like the Black Death

catastrophic periods of epidemics like the Black Death

The people most often accused as witches were... (KC 2.6)*

women in Scotland, England, and Ireland

poor women, elderly women, and midwives

highly educated women

women in urban areas

poor women, elderly women, and midwives.

What best describes Mannerism? (KC 2.7)*

it was the style of art most embraced by the Catholic Church to stimulate religious devotion

it abandoned religious and classical subjects in favor of contemporary inspirations

artists focused on principles of balance and harmony to add realism to their art

distortion and exaggerated lighting was used to add drama to their works

distortion and exaggerated lighting was used to add drama to their works

Which was NOT a Baroque artist? (KC 2.7)*

Bernini

Tintoretto

Rubens

Caravaggio

Tintoretto was primarily associated with the Mannerist style rather than the Baroque.

In the 16th & 17th centuries, cultural and leisure activities revolved around... (KC 2.8)*

decrees and bulls issued by the Pope

trends that originated in France and spread throughout the continent

religion and the traditional agricultural calendar

a cult of personality that developed around the ruler

religion and the traditional agricultural calendar.

ohn Wycliffe was similar to Martin Luther in that both...  (KC 2.1)*

translated the Bible into the vernacular

were excommunicated by the Pope

preached predestination

were burned at the stake as heretics

translated the Bible into the vernacular

All the following are true of indulgences during the time of Martin Luther EXCEPT: (KC 2.2)*

Preachers like Johann Tetzel travelled the Holy Roman Empire selling indulgences

Pope Leo X proclaimed a Jubilee Indulgence to raise funds to restore St. Peter's Basilica

They allowed Catholics to buy forgiveness for their sins, adding to the immense wealth of the church

Peasants were charged even higher prices than their wealthy counterparts, showing the Church's favoritism toward the elites

Peasants were charged even higher prices than their wealthy counterparts, showing the Church's favoritism toward the elites

How did the Catholic Church most immediately respond to Luther's 95 Theses? (KC 2.2)*

The Church began to reform their practices of simony and pluralism

Luther was imprisoned in the Vatican

Luther was ordered to recant or be excommunicated

The Church made reading the Bible in the vernacular a heretical offense

Luther was ordered to recant or be excommunicated.

Which of the following was NOT a belief held by Luther? (KC 2.2)*

a priesthood of all believers -- people could have a direct relationship with God

sola fide -- salvation through faith alone

transubstantiation -- the the bread and wine of communion actually became the body and blood of Christ

sola scriptura -- infallibility of the Bible

Luther rejected transubstantiation, believing instead in a symbolic presence of Christ in communion.

The belief in predestination and the elect are most associated with... (KC 2.2)*

Ulrich Zwingli

John Calvin

Pope Leo X

Martin Luther

John Calvin

Which is NOT a belief of Anabaptists? (KC 2.2)*

attempts to avoid sin by living a more secluded, simple life

the importance of infant baptism

separation of church and state

the supremacy of scripture over any secular authority

the importance of infant baptism

The printing press... (KC 2.3)*

allowed Luther's ideas to be translated into the vernacular and printed into pamphlets that were distributed throughout the Holy Roman Empire

facilitated the spread of the Catholic Church's numerous reforms, bringing many critical Catholics back to the faith

allowed Luther's ideas to be translated into Latin and printed into pamphlets that were distributed throughout the Holy Roman Empire

facilitated the spread of the Catholic Church's condemnation of Luther and made it harder for him to hide

allowed Luther's ideas to be translated into Latin and printed into pamphlets that were distributed throughout the Holy Roman Empire

What best describes the 1555 Peace of Augsburg?  (KC 2.3)*

offered religious toleration to all religious groups withing the Holy Roman Empire

showed the Catholics won an overwhelming victory in the Schmalkaldic Wars

made Calvinism an officially recognized religion within the Holy Roman Empire

allowed each German ruler to determine the religion of his realm

allowed each German ruler to determine the religion of his realm.

Which of the following was NOT a direct cause of the French Revolution? (KC 5.4)*

King Louis XIV was not a strong leader

the urban poor spent high proportions of their income on bread

French religious policies were repressive and intolerant

tax revenue, generated mostly from the commoners, was used to pay rich creditors

French religious policies were repressive and intolerant

When the 3rd Estate withdrew form the ___ in May 1789, they formed the ___. (KC 5.4)*

Convention; Committee of Public Safety

Estates General; National Assembly

Parlements; Estates General

National Assembly; Directory

Estates General; National Assembly

All the following are true of the Liberal Phase of the French Revolution (1789 - 1791) EXCEPT:  (KC 5.4)*

the Storming of the Bastille is celebrated as the beginning of the French Revolution

the Catholic Church was placed under the authority of the state

The Constitution of 1791 created a Republic and abolished monarchy in France

women marched to the Palace of Versailles and took the royal family prisoner

The Constitution of 1791 established a constitutional monarchy, not a Republic.

What best describes the Jacobins during the French Revolution? (KC 5.4)*

they were members of the lower classes who organized riots to protest the high price of bread

they were radicals who seized control of the National Convention from more moderate Girondins

they were moderates who helped overthrow Robespierre and create the Directory

they were nobles and royalists who fled during the Reign of Terror

they were radicals who seized control of the National Convention from more moderate Girondins

Who wrote the "Declaration of the Rights of Women and Female Citizen?" (KC 5.4)*

Olympe de Gouges

Mary Wollstonecraft

Charlotte Corday

Marie Antionette

Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright and political activist who is best known for her declaration advocating for women's rights during the French Revolution.

All the following are true of the final years of the French Revolution (1792 - 1795) EXCEPT:  (KC 5.4)*

Moderates re-gained power and created a bicameral legislature and gave executive power to the Directory

women gained additional rights under the revolutionary government such as the right to own property and serve on a jury

people feared they might be on Robespierre's execution list, so they sent him to the guillotine

mass conscription was enacted, creating the largest army Europe had seen, to fight counterrevolutionaries

During the final years of the French Revolution, moderates re-gained power and established the Directory, while women lost many of the rights they had previously gained.

What best describes the Haitian Revolution? (KC 5.5)*

it started as a slave rebellion under the leadership of Jean-Paul Marat and culminated in Haitian independence in 1804

it started as a revolt of the disenfranchised middle and lower classes under the leadership of Jean-Paul Marat and culminated in Haitian independence in 180

it started as a revolt of the disenfranchised middle and lower classes under the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture and culminated in Haitian independence in 180

it started as a slave rebellion under the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture and culminated in Haitian independence in 1804.

it started as a slave rebellion under the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture and culminated in Haitian independence in 1804.

What was Edmund Burke's view on the French Revolution expressed in Reflections on the Revolution in France? (KC 5.5)*

he supported the liberal revolution but condemned the radical phase

he explained why it would inevitably spread to other countries and colonies in the world facing oppression

he wrote that revolution was the only feasible way to bring about meaningful change

he cautioned Britain against following the path laid by France

he cautioned Britain against following the path laid by France

Enlightenment philosophers generally believed all the following EXCEPT: (KC 4.6)*

they believed both rulers and citizens needed to follow the social contract

they believed the power originated from the consent of the governed

they believed citizens had inalienable rights that needed to be protected by the government

they believed the monarch had a divine right to power

They believed in the divine right of kings.

Which of the following is true of the enlightened despots of the 18th century (KC 4.6)*

they attempted to streamline their bureaucracies and modernize social institutions

they considered themselves above the "social contract"

they were drawn to reforms that strengthened the church and aristocracy

they completely embraced Enlightenment ideals, even if it meant limiting their own power

they attempted to streamline their bureaucracies and modernize social institutions

Frederick II ("the Great") did all the following EXCEPT: (KC 4.6)*

reformed the judiciary and initiated competence exams for judges and other civil servants

expanded Prussia's territory into Silesia, enabling the collection of more taxes

abolished serfdom to improve the lives of peasants in his realm

befriended important thinkers such as Rosseau and Voltaire

abolished serfdom to improve the lives of peasants in his realm

Joseph II differed most from his mother Maria Theresa in his view on... (KC 4.6)*

the importance of education

limiting the power of the nobility

foreign military alliances

religious toleration

religious toleration

Who called themself the "first servant of the state?"  (KC 4.6)*

Maria Theresa

Frederick the Great

 

Joseph II

Louis XIV

Frederick II, known as "the Great," often referred to himself as the "first servant of the state" to reflect his commitment to serve his nation and his subjects.

By 1815, Jews in Europe... (KC 4.6)*

were excluded from citizenship in the majority if European nations

were able to enjoy full citizenship rights and religious freedom across Europe

no longer faced restrictions on where they could live but often had to practice their religion in private

made progress toward religious freedom and civil equality to varying degrees across Europe

made progress toward religious freedom and civil equality to varying degrees across Europe

Copernicus most challenged the idea of... (KC 4.7)
*

Deism

heliocentrism

Scholasticism

a geocentric universe

a geocentric universe

His belief in skepticism was one of the most radical ideas of the Enlightenment period. (KC 4.7)
*

David Hume

Francis Bacon

Voltaire

Isaac Newton

David Hume was a Scottish philosopher known for his influential works on empiricism and skepticism, questioning traditional beliefs and promoting a scientific approach to understanding human experience.

What is NOT true of inductive vs. deductive reasoning as it developed during the Scientific Revolution? (KC 4.2)*

both inductive and deductive reasoning are considered part of the Scientific Method

Descartes is associated with inductive reasoning while Bacon is associated with deductive reasoning

inductive reasoning tended to move from specific observations to a general conclusion

deductive reasoning focused more on drawing logical conclusions from accepted principles

Descartes is associated with inductive reasoning while Bacon is associated with deductive reasoning

Which scientist is CORRECTLY matched with their findings? (KC 4.2)*

Kepler -- the planets move in elliptical orbits

Newton -- discovered the moons of Jupiter using a telescope

Copernicus -- geocentric solar system

Galileo -- universal law of gravitation

Kepler -- the planets move in elliptical orbits

What accurately describes the advances in medicine and anatomy that occurred during the Scientific Revolution? (KC 4.2)*

the first dissections of were performed during the Scientific Revolution

scientists began to understand principles like the heart being at the center of the circulatory system

scientists during the Scientific Revolution were mainly members of the clergy who had access to sophisticated labs funded by the Church

the findings of William Harvey and Andreas Vesalius were challenged using new methods of inquiry

scientists during the Scientific Revolution were mainly members of the clergy who had access to sophisticated labs funded by the Church

Which of the following is NOT true of the Scientific Revolution of the 16th & 17th century? (KC 4.2)*

Many scientists were atheists and did not believe science and religion could coexist

The Catholic Church rejected Galileo's work and he was placed under house arrest as a heretic

Traditional explanations of the world such as Alchemy and Astrology continued to be accepted

Copernicus's findings challenged widely-accepted views on the universe established by Ptolemy in the 2nd century

Many scientists were atheists and did not believe science and religion could coexist

All of the following were consequences of Enlightenment philosophers accepting rationalism and empiricism EXCEPT: (KC 4.3)*

logical arguments were often used to justify slavery and the mistreatment of criminals

many believed human reason, not faith, was the key to improving society

some developed a new concept of God as the creator of the universe who allowed it to operate like a machine

belief in the use of logic and reason undermined superstition and prejudice

logical arguments were often used to justify slavery and the mistreatment of criminals

Women were most active in which of the following during the Enlightenment? (KC 4.3)*

masonic lodges

salons

Academies

coffeehouses

Women were primarily active in salons, which served as social gatherings for intellectual discourse during the Enlightenment.

Which of the following ideas is CORRECTLY associated with John Locke or Thomas Hobbes? (KC 4.3)*

Locke believed humans were born a blank slate

Hobbes believed in a social contract and the protection of natural rights

Hobbes believed humans were essentially born good but corrupted by society

Locke believed a stronger government was desirable to keep people from harming each other

Locke believed humans were born a blank slate

All the following are true of the Enlightenment EXCEPT: (KC 4.3)*

Religion became more focused on a personal relationship with God

Deism was embraced by Atheists

Mercantilism was challenged by Physiocrats and proponents of Capitalism

Philosophes like Montesquieu and Rousseau supported alternatives to absolutist governments

Deism was embraced by Atheists

What best describes the main ideas and goals of Mercantilism in the 16th - 18th centuries? (KC 3.4)*

adopt a more isolationist foreign policy to focus on developing domestic industry and manufacturing

create alliances with other nations to work cooperatively to boost each other's economies

create a favorable balance of trade which would result in increased monetary reserves

 

limit military expenditures to create a stronger domestic economy

Mercantilism aimed to create a favorable balance of trade by maximizing exports and minimizing imports, thereby increasing national wealth and monetary reserves.

What happened on the Zong slave ship during the Middle Passage?(KC 3.4)*

Halfway across the Atlantic, sympathetic sailors staged a mutiny against the enslavers and returned the ship to West Africa

When water ran low, the captain threw over 100 enslaved Africans overboard and made an insurance claim on his lost "cargo"

In response to their inhumane treatment, a dozen enslaved Africans led an ill-fated revolt against their captors

Due to rampant diseases like dysentery, the entire human cargo of the ship perished before reaching the Americas

The Zong slave ship incident involved the captain throwing over 100 enslaved Africans overboard due to water shortages and subsequently making an insurance claim on the lost "cargo."

What best describes the Navigation Acts? (KC 3.4)*

They were enacted to protect the British monopoly on selling goods such as sugar within their empire

They made it illegal to import tobacco into the British colonies

They reflected a shift away from Mercantilism and toward more Capitalist policies

 

They resulted directly in the Boston Tea Party due to taxes placed on imported tea

They were enacted to protect the British monopoly on selling goods such as sugar within their empire

All the following occurred as part of Europe's "Commercial Revolution" of the 17th and 18th centuries EXCEPT: (KC 3.4)*

European nations became less interested in maintaining overseas colonies due to the high cost of administration

 

Factories and mines powered by machines and engines created jobs i urban centers, especially in Britain

Europeans experienced increased food supplies and better nutrition thanks to foods imported from the New World

Trade increased between European nations, creating a growing merchant middle class

European nations became less interested in maintaining overseas colonies due to the high cost of administration

Which country's empire in the New World is highlighted in lavender? (KC 3.4)*

Portugal

Spain

England

France

France

The Dutch won their independence from ___  as a result of the  ___ (KC 3.5)*

Spain; Eighty Years' War

France; War of the Devolution

France; Eighty Years' War

Spain; War of the Devolution

Spain; Eighty Years' War

The Dutch East India Company was a type of... (KC 3.5)*

royal monopoly

joint-stock company

multinational corporation

chartered bank

joint-stock company

All the following are true of the Dutch Golden Age EXCEPT: (KC 3.5)*

it was lead by stadtholders who represented each province and met at the Estates-General

there was more disparity between social classes than elsewhere in Europe due to large numbers of hereditary nobles

religious toleration was granted to Jews who settled in the Netherlands

in part due to economic prosperity, the arts, philosophy and science flourished

there was more disparity between social classes than elsewhere in Europe due to large numbers of hereditary nobles

All the following were domestic reforms under Napoleon EXCEPT: (KC 5.6)*

making a "concordat" -- agreement -- with the Catholic Church to re-establish it in France as the religion of the majority of French citizens

implementing a Civil Code that recognized the equality of male citizens under the law and protected property rights

increasing the efficiency of the bureaucracy using merit-based selection systems

opening "lycées" -- public schools -- so French boys and girls could be educated in accordance with Enlightenment principles

opening "lycées" -- public schools -- so French boys and girls could be educated in accordance with Enlightenment principles

One of the most important factors in Napoleon's army's success was... (KC 5.6)*

its use of technology like the telegraph to create effective communication

its large size and patriotism of the soldiers

 

its ability to transport massive amounts of supplies quickly to the front

its implementation of heavy artillery

its large size and patriotism of the soldiers

Which of the following was NOT a defeat for Napoleon? (KC 5.6)*

Battle of Trafalgar

Battle of Austerlitz

 

The Peninsular War in Spain

Invasion of Russia

Battle of Austerlitz

All the following were effects of Napoleon's conquest of other European nations EXCEPT: (KC 5.6)*

he abolished the Holy Roman Empire and redrew the map of Europe

he abolished feudalism in places he conquered

he reduced the burden of taxation on the people he conquered

 

his occupation awakened a sense of nationalism in the conquered people

he reduced the burden of taxation on the people he conquered

What was one of Metternich's main goals in the Congress of Vienna? (KC 5.7)*

restore the original, legitimate monarchs that had been displaced by Napoleon to the throne

 

abolish the slave trade through a multilateral ban

upset the European balance of power in favor of Austria to give them a leg up over their rival Prussia

enact mercantilist regulations on trade and navigation

restore the original, legitimate monarchs that had been displaced by Napoleon to the throne

Which of the following is most associated with the Romantic Movement in 19th century Europe? (KC 5.8)*

the belief marriage should be based on love and not just a practical economic or political arrangement

the celebration of the progress of industrialization

an emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the beauty of nature

 

a focus on rationalism and the use of logic to solve the great issues of the day

an emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the beauty of nature

Which of the following was an evangelical movement or group founded by John Wesley in the 18th century? (KC 5.8)*

Deism

Pietists

 

Methodism

Neoclassiscism

methodism

Which of the following led France to relinquish all its continental North American territories? (KC 5.9)*

the American Revolution

the French Revolution

the French & Indian War

 

the War of the Austrian Succession

the French & Indian War

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the most intense political rivalry was between  ___ who was on the rise and ___ who was on the decline... (KC 5.1)*

France; Britain

Spain; Portugal

 

Britain; France

Portugal; Spain

Britain; France

The reaction against Enlightenment ideals in the 19th century was known as... (KC 5.1)*

Rationalism

Deism

Skepticism

 

Romanticism

romanticism

Which country had the LEAST active trade in the East Indies in the 18th century? (KC 5.2)*

The Netherlands

Italy

France

 

Britain

Italy

All the following were significant influences on commercial rivalries in the 18th century EXCEPT: (KC 5.2)*

ideas of mercantilism

improvements and build-up of some navies and the decline of others

 

the rising need to find markets for machine-made goods

Europe's desire to export its raw materials to its colonies

Europe's desire to export its raw materials to its colonies

What most directly led to the end of hostility between Britain and the Netherlands in 1689? (KC 5.2)*

the ascension of William of Orange to the British throne

the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company

the agreement to partition lands in Southeast Asia and the East Indies equitably between them

 

Britain's defeat in the Seven Years' War

the ascension of William of Orange to the British throne

This war ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Maria Theresa was backed by Britain, the Dutch Republic, and Hanover in what was known as the "Pragmatic Alliance." (KC 5.3)*

War of the Spanish Succession

Seven Years' War

 

War of the Austrian Succession

The Glorious Revolution

War of the Austrian Succession

The "Diplomatic Revolution" on the eve of the Seven Years' War... (KC 5.3)*

created a new alliance between the historically adversarial Hanovers and Bourbons

led to the end of hostility between Britain and France that had existed since the 100 Years War

ended the Habsburg-French rivalry that had existed since the 15th century

was the first instance countries of different religious denominations allied together

ended the Habsburg-French rivalry that had existed since the 15th century

Which was NOT an effect of the French & Indian War? (KC 5.3)*

France gave up its sugar-producing islands in the Caribbean

Spain received France's lands west of the Mississippi

Britain received Florida from Spain

Britain received all lands east of the Mississippi plus Canada from France

France gave up its sugar-producing islands in the Caribbean

What does NOT accurately describe an innovation or development in the Agricultural Revolution (KC 4.4)*

selective breeding techniques improved the size and health of livestock

land was reclaimed by building dikes, or walls to precent flooding from the sea

laws were passed allowing wealthy landowners to purchase common lands and consolidate them into single farms

farmers increasingly planted one single crop to increase efficiency of production

farmers increasingly planted one single crop to increase efficiency of production

Treatments developed by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner led most directly to the decline of this disease... (KC 4.4)*

typhus and typhoid fever

bubonic plague

smallpox

tuberculosis

smallpox

All the following are true of children and education in the 17th and 18th centuries EXCEPT: (KC 4.4)*

wet-nursing was popular because it helped reduce infant mortality

compulsory universal education first started in Prussia

the Enlightenment attitude toward children was largely that they are innocent and should be able to focus on play

foundling hospitals were established to care for unwanted children

wet-nursing was popular because it helped reduce infant mortality

Which of the following was NOT a commonly purchased/consumed good in Europe during the Commercial Revolution? (KC 4.5)*

tobacco and opium

porcelain and pottery

decorative prints and silks

coffee and sugar

tobacco and opium

In the sentimental novels of the 18th & 19th centuries, the main characters were often ___, and the main theme was___(KC 4.5)*

male; hardships of the lower classes

female; hardships of the lower classes

male; virtue

female; virtue

female; virtue

What art movement is described below?  (KC 4.5)

Secular and exuberant, this art style reflected a shift from the public to the private sphere. It was light and airy with gilt touches.

*

Neoclassical

Baroque

Romantic

Rococo

Rococo

hat art movement is described below?  (KC 4.5)

This art avoided ornamentation, preferring simple harmonious forms. A famous painter from this movement was Jacques-Louis David.

*

Baroque

Neoclassical

Romantic

Rococo

neoclassical

Which was NOT one of the three main models of sovereignty (ruling) that developed in Europe during the 17th & 18th centuries? (KC 3.1)*

Oligarchy

Constitutional Monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

Democracy

Democracy was not one of the main models of sovereignty that developed in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, as it was a much less common form of government compared to oligarchy, constitutional monarchy, and absolute monarchy.

All the following are true of King Charles I of England EXCEPT: (KC 3.2)*

The English Civil War broke out during his reign

He, like his father, believed in the Divine Right of Kings

He was forced to abdicate his throne and flee to exile in the Netherlands

Parliament refused to grant the king funds without recognition and advancement of its rights

He was forced to abdicate his throne and flee to exile in the Netherlands

He led the Protectorate in England from 1653 - 1658 (KC 3.2)*

Oliver Cromwell

James I

Charles II

William Laud

Oliver Cromwell

Which was NOT part of the English Bill of Rights adopted after the Glorious Revolution of 1689? (KC 3.2)*

Parliament had to be consulted before any changes to the Anglican Church could be enacted

Parliament needed to approve taxes

Parliament had to meet frequently

Parliament needed to approve any change in the laws of England

Parliament had to be consulted before any changes to the Anglican Church could be enacted

Which of the following was true of England's Agricultural Revolution? (KC 3.3)*

warmer drier climates and new methods of farming and breeding led agricultural production to more than double

its agricultural output lagged behind countries with more fertile soil like France and the Netherlands

more people began to migrate to farms to take advantage of the new opportunities in agriculture

farmers began to increasingly focus on mastering production of one single crop to increase agricultural yields

warmer drier climates and new methods of farming and breeding led agricultural production to more than double

Which of the following was NOT a direct cause or effect of the enclosure movement? (KC 3.3)*

laws were enacted which allowed the sale of public lands

small fields were consolidated into larger landholdings

grain prices dropped which improved peasants' standard of living

landless peasants migrated to cities and towns in search of work

grain prices dropped which improved peasants' standard of living

This industry saw the earliest shift toward industrialization: (KC 3.3)*

railroads

pottery and ceramics

textiles

steel production

The textiles industry was the first to experience significant industrialization, characterized by innovations such as the spinning jenny and power loom, which greatly increased production efficiency.

Which of the following was NOT a major advantage held by England, allowing them to experience sustained economic growth? (KC 3.3)*

their bank became a limited-liability corporation

the government committed itself to preserving private property after the Glorious Revolution

their strong navy allowed them to become a colonial power

they implemented internal tariffs and eliminated customs barriers

they implemented internal tariffs and eliminated customs barriers

hat best describes a cause or result of the Opium War? (KC 7.6)*

Chinese officials wanted free trade but Britain insisted on a monopoly

China was able to defeat Britain by forming an alliance with Japan

Britain wanted access to Chinese-grown Opium

China was forced to open ports to trade with Britain

China was forced to open ports to trade with Britain

The British did all the following in its colonies EXCEPT: (KC 7.6)*

described the native people as "half devil and half child"

invested in the construction of railroads in their colonies

used Africans as slave laborers to extract rubber from the Congo

quelled a rebellion in India and then took direct control of the colony

used Africans as slave laborers to extract rubber from the Congo

How was Quinine used? (KC 7.6)*

as an antiseptic to reduce the risk of infection

to vaccinate people against smallpox

as an anesthesia to reduce the trauma from surgery

to treat malaria

to treat malaria

The most significant impact of the Suez Canal was that... (KC 7.6)*

European ships no longer needed to travel around Africa to gain access to Asian ports

It facilitated the increase of European settlers in Africa

It allowed traders and merchants to bring resources to port cities more efficiently

European steamboats could reach more remote locations in Africa, avoiding dangerous overland routes

European ships no longer needed to travel around Africa to gain access to Asian ports

Which of the following is true of the Berlin Conference? (KC 7.7)*

Bismarck prioritized getting the most valuable colonies for Germany

the conference divided up Africa in largely peaceful and orderly fashion

the newly unified Italy got a disproportionate amount of territory in West Africa

only African representatives from the more developed states were consulted in the proceedings

the conference divided up Africa in largely peaceful and orderly fashion