AP Human Geography Study

A mix of random units, do not depend on this

Isogloss

A boundary created by a dialect.

Formal Region

A region that shares one distinct characteristic.

Functional Region

A region formed around a node or origin.

Vernacular Region

A region that people believe is part of their cultural identity.

Features of religious Christian architecture

A cross, crucifix, buttress, and churches.

Features of religious Islamic architecture

Mosques, domes, and arches.

Features of religious Judaism architecture

A synagogue, an ark at the end of the entrance, and The Star of David.

Features of religious Hinduism architecture

Temple, symmetrical buildings, floral and geometric patterns, and sculptures of gods.

Features of religious Buddhist architecture

Stupas, pagodas, chaityas, and viharas. Or, dome-shaped structures with relics, multi-tiered towers, prayer halls, and Viharas.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

Difference between race, ethnicity, and nationality

Race is a physical trait, ethnicity is your cultural heritage, and nationality is where you were born or are registered by the government for your home state.

Three types of diffusion

Expansion, stimulus, and relocation diffusion.

Expansion diffusion

Something or an idea being spread while still staying strong in its origin.

Stimulus diffusion

A culture adapts something or an idea and spreads it.

Relocation diffusion

The spreading of an idea or something by the carrier bringing it along.

Space-time compression

The idea that the world is seemingly getting smaller as a result of increased transportation to other places and capitalism.

Distance decay

The more the distance, the less communication there is.

Why isn't distance decay a problem nowadays?

Because there are more developed solutions to communicating, like the technology of phones.

Syncretism

A new culture, religion or aspect of society is developed by multiple cultures interacting.

Cultural divergence

Cultures become separate from each other.

Assimilation

One group adopting one's or another's religion or cultural beliefs and giving up their own.

Acculturation

A group adapting to another dominant culture's lifestyle whilst maintaining their original religion or cultural beliefs.

Difference between assimilation and acculturation

Assimilation is switching religions or cultural beliefs completely while acculturation is only to fit in and keep their own beliefs.

Self-determination

Where a country can determine its own statehood, make its own organizations, and form its own alliances with governments and other organizations.

Examples of self-determination

Independence movements, like Northern Cyprus, wanted independence from Turkey.

Choke point

A geographic location where the flow of goods and people can be stopped in the event of a conflict.

Example of a choke point

A mountain, bridge, tunnel, or any pathway or flow of goods.

Imperialism

Extending a country's power or influence by colonization, military forces or other means.

Example of imperialism

The British expansion into India.

Gerrymandering

Manipulating the electoral district votes to benefit one party.

Two types of gerrymandering

Cracking and packing.

Cracking and packing

Cracking is diluting the votes of one party and packing is concentrating the votes of one party.

Difference between cracking and packing

Cracking is drowning out votes and packing is making votes more concentrated or relevant in the sense of putting it with other votes.

Federal state

A federal state is where power is shared.

Unitary state

A unitary state is where power is given only to one government.

Difference between a federal state and unitary state

Federal is when power is shared and unitary is where power is given to one government.