Rise of Science

What type of reasoning did Bacon promote?

Inductive reasoning

What were some key elements of the Baconian method?

Scientific discovery is best aided by accumulating as much data as possible

Rejection of preconceived theories

methodical and meticulous observation of facts

What was Bacon’s influence on magic?

Bacon use of inductive reasoning reverted back to the logic used by those who argued for the existence of witchcraft.

When was Gresham college founded?

1597

What year was the Royal Society founded?

1660

What service did the college provide to the public?

public lectures on the professors respective faculties of study

How did the college change the intellectual landscape?

it promoted the study of Astronomy and geometry. It encouraged scientific inquiry and collaboration among scholars, leading to advancements in various fields of knowledge.

What political event may have enabled the society to form?

the restoration of a more stable monarch (Charles II)

Who’s method did the society follow initially?

Bacon

Who was the president of the college for 24 years?

Issac Newton

What is the significance of the royal society?

It may not have been that significant and may have only acted as a vessel in which scientists could promote studies.

What was the royal societies affect on the belief of witches?

The Royal Society helped to diminish the belief in witches by promoting empirical evidence and scientific reasoning over superstitious and unfounded beliefs. Although many founding members had an interest in witchcraft.

Why was Bacon’s methods inadequate?

it is too experimental

It never provides secure knowledge

whenever the inductive method is used and element of doubt can always exist

What was deductive reasoning?

Application of existing rules

testing of propositions

use of preconceived theories

Facts collected to prove theory

What was materialism?

the idea that everything is made of matter

What did materialism allow?

no belief in the supernatural or ethereal

What is Locke seen as the father of?

modern empiricism, only making conclusions through observing the experiences of others

What does Locke think of the human mind?

that it is shaped only be experience and not inherent knowledge

What was Locke’s significance towards decline in belief?

Locke significantly contributed to the decline in belief in the supernatural by promoting empiricism, emphasizing that knowledge is derived from experience rather than innate ideas.