Oncology Terms, Body Structures, and Related Concepts (Vocabulary Flashcards)

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key oncology word parts, body-structure terms, and related complementary terms discussed in the lecture. Includes meanings, origins, and distinctions useful for exam prep.

oma

Suffix meaning a mass or swelling; often indicates a tumor; by itself many cases are benign, while carcinoma or sarcoma indicate malignancy.

carcinoma

Malignant tumor of epithelial tissue; cancer that originates from epithelial cells.

sarcoma

Malignant tumor arising from connective tissue, muscle, nervous tissue, or other non-epithelial tissues.

adenocarcinoma

Malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.

adenoma

Benign tumor arising from glandular tissue.

chloroma

Tumor with a green color; a greenish appearance often noted in some bone marrow tumors.

epitheloma

Tumor composed of epithelium; typically benign.

fibroma

Benign tumor of fibrous (fibrous connective) tissue.

fibrosarcoma

Malignant tumor of fibrous tissue.

leiomyoma

Benign tumor of smooth (visceral) muscle.

leiomyosarcoma

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle.

lipoma

Benign tumor of fat tissue.

liposarcoma

Malignant tumor of fat tissue.

melanocarcinoma

Malignant pigmented skin tumor; commonly referred to as melanoma.

melanoma

Malignant tumor of pigment-producing cells in the skin; a common skin cancer.

myoma

Benign tumor of muscle tissue.

neoplasm

New growth or tumor; a physical mass formed by abnormal tissue growth.

neoplasia

Process of new growth; formation or development of neoplasms.

cytogenic

Pertaining to producing cells or origin of cells.

cytoid

Resembling cells but not true, fully functioning cells.

cytology

Study of cells.

cytoplasm

Substance inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus; contains organelles.

dysplasia

Abnormal development or growth of tissue.

hip dysplasia

Abnormal development of the hip joint, often genetic or developmental.

epithelium

Tissue that lines surfaces and cavities; epithelial tissue.

erythrocyte

Red blood cell (RBC).

erythrocytosis

Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells.

histology

Study of tissues.

hyperplasia

Excessive development or increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

hypoplasia

Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ.

karyocyte

Any cell that contains a nucleus.

karyoplasm

Substance inside the cell nucleus containing genetic material.

leukocyte

White blood cell (WBC).

leukocytosis

Increase in the number of white blood cells.

lipoid

Resembling fat tissue; not truly fat tissue.

myopathy

Disease of muscle tissue.

neuroid

Resembling a nerve; resembling nervous tissue but not actual nervous tissue.

organomegaly

Enlargement of an organ.

systemic

Pertaining to a system or to the body as a whole.

visceral

Pertaining to the internal organs.