Organic Chemistry Exam 1

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41 Terms

1
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methane

CH4

<p>CH4</p>
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ethane

C2H6 - CH3CH3

<p>C2H6 - CH3CH3</p>
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propane

C3H8 - CH3CH2CH3

<p>C3H8 - CH3CH2CH3</p>
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butane

C4H10 - CH3(CH2)2CH3

<p>C4H10 - CH3(CH2)2CH3</p>
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pentane

C5H12 - CH3(CH2)3CH3

<p>C5H12 - CH3(CH2)3CH3</p>
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hexane

C6H14 - CH3(CH2)4CH3

<p>C6H14 - CH3(CH2)4CH3</p>
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heptane

C7H16 - CH3(CH2)5CH3

<p>C7H16 - CH3(CH2)5CH3</p>
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octane

C8H18 - CH3(CH2)6CH3

<p>C8H18 - CH3(CH2)6CH3</p>
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nonane

C9H20 - CH3(CH2)7CH3

<p>C9H20 - CH3(CH2)7CH3</p>
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decane

C10H22 - CH3(CH2)8CH3

<p>C10H22 - CH3(CH2)8CH3</p>
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undecane

C11H24 - CH3(CH2)9CH3

<p>C11H24 - CH3(CH2)9CH3</p>
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dodecane

C12H26 - CH3(CH2)10CH3

<p>C12H26 - CH3(CH2)10CH3</p>
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methyl (Me)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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ethyl (Et)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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n-propyl (n-Pr)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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isopropyl (iPr)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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n-butyl (n-Bu)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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isobutyl (iBu)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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sec-butyl (s-Bu)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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tert-butyl (t-Bu)

alkyl group

<p>alkyl group</p>
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hydrocarbon

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds

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saturated

all carbon atoms are bonded to 4 other atoms via single sigma bonds (all carbon atoms are sp3 - hybridized)

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unsaturated

one or more carbon atoms are bonded to atoms via double/triple (pi) bonds (one or more atoms are sp2/sp hybridized)

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functional groups

an atom or a group of atoms that exhibits a characteristic (predictable) chemical behavior and behaves the same way chemically in every compound it is a part of

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alkane

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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alkene

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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alchohol

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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thiol

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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amide

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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arene

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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Carboxylic acid

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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amine

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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ketone

functional group

<p>functional group</p>
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conformations

different molecular shapes or 3-D structures that result from rotation about single sigma bonds

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torsional strain

resistance to rotation due to electronic repulsion between adjacent bonding electrons that increase energy (destabilization) resulting from eclipsed bonds on adjacent atoms

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steric strain

electronic repulsion between two groups through space

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cycloalkanes

saturated hydrocarbons where the carbon forms a ring

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anti staggered

180 degreees

<p>180 degreees</p>
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gauche staggered

60 degrees

<p>60 degrees</p>
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CH3/H eclipsed

120 degrees

<p>120 degrees</p>
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CH3/CH3 eclipsed

0 degrees

<p>0 degrees</p>