10.1, 10.2 Pathogens & Barriers, Controlling Spread of Disease

Define pathogen

disease causing organism

Define transmittable disease

disease where pathogen can be passed from 1 host to another

Methods of Transmission
D__ contact
> passed directly from __ host → another via transfer of b__ fluids e.g. blood, semen

direct, 1, body

Methods of Transmission
I__ contact
> p__ leaves host & carried by i__ medium/vector
> e.g. c__ surfaces (salmonella), i__ (malaria), d__ in air (flu)

indirect, pathogen, intermediate, contaminated, insects, droplets

Body defences
M__ b__
> structures making it hard for p__ to pass
> e.g. s__, h__

mechanical barriers, pathogens, scab, hair

Body defences
C__ b__
> substances made by body cells t__/k__ pathogens before e__ body
> e.g. m__, s__ a__

chemical barriers, trap, kill, entering, mucus, stomach acid

Body defences
C__
> w__ blood cells prevent p__ from r__
> e.g. p__: e__ & digest pathogens (phagocytosis)
> e.g. a__: clumps pathogens together = harder to move (agglutination)

cells, white, pathogens, replicating, phagocytes, engulf, antibodies

Controlling Spread of Disease
C__ water supply
> safe drinking water = no p__ = prevents w__ diseases e.g. cholera

clean, pathogens, waterborne

Controlling Spread of Disease
H__ food prep
> keep food c__ = slows r__ of pathogens
> cook food at __ temps = kills pathogens

hygienic, cold, reproduction, high

Controlling Spread of Disease
P__ hygiene
> wash hands w/ s__
> use t__ to catch sneezes/c__; dispose asap

personal, soap, tissues, coughs

Controlling Spread of Disease
W__ disposal
> store it in c__ rubbish bin (as it’s a food source for flies, a vector)

waste, covered

Controlling Spread of Disease
S__ treatment
> f__, sedimentation, c__ added

sewage, filtration, chlorine