Cell Reproduction (September 14th)

Cell Division in Prokaryotes (Binary Fission, 1 chromosome)

Reproductive signals

Cell doubles everything, and elongates

DNA is segregated

Cell splits in half

Proliferating

Multiple rounds of a cell doubling itself

Cell Division in Eukaryotes (2 chromosomes)

Signals

Cell doubles everything (membranes, proteins, etc.)

Cell splits in half through mitosis

What are the two sections of cell division?

Interphase and Mitosis

What steps are in Interphase?

G₁, S, G₂

What steps are in Mitosis?

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase (Cytokinesis)

G₁ Phase

Gap 1 (Gap between M and S phase)

Cell begins to generate more organelles

S Phase

Synthesis (DNA synthesis phase, in which sister Chromatids are formed)

Genome replication

G₂ Phase

Gap 2 (Gap between S and M phase)

Cell enlarges in preparation for M phase

Cytoskeleton is dismantled for Mitosis resources

M Phase

Mitosis (Karyokinesis) and Cytokinesis

Division of mother cell into 2 daughter cells

At the end of Interphase, in G₂, the nucleus is still….

intact

Prophase

DNA condenses into sister chromatids (chromosomes)

Centromeres move to either end of cell, and microtubules from from them

Prometaphase

The nuclear membrane is broken down

Centromeres form poles at either end of cell

Microtubules attach to ends of chromosome

Metaphase

The DNA is pushed into line at equator of cell (metaphase plate)

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are split apart via microtubules and cell elongates

Telophase and Cytokinesis

Microtubules are broken down and nuclear membrane reforms

Cytokinesis: cleavage into two daughter cells

G₀ Phase

Cell is at rest

4 Essential Events of cellular reproduction

Reproductive signals

DNA replication

DNA segregation

Cytokinesis