Chapter 11

Cottage industry

Homebase manufacturing

Examples clothing, like Nana, knitting, baked goods, handmade crafts

Site factors

Or industrial location factors related to the cost of factors of production inside a plant

Example, landforms, climate, soil, quality, natural resources, vegetation

Labor intensive industry

An industry in which wages and other compensation Paid to employees constitutes a high percentage of expenses

Example, examples of agriculture, textiles, handcrafted goods mining

Fordist production

Manufacturing centers that still attract industries that depend on skilled labor, one worker performs task repeatedly

Example Ford motor co., in North America in Europe

Post-fordist production

Describes flexible, production, many industries follow a lien flexible production approach

Example, examples of clothing manufacturers that quickly switch between different clothing items

Situation factors

Location factors relating to the transportation of materials into and from a factory

Examples, rivers, traderoutes, remote mountain area

Bulk reducing industry

Industry in which the inputs way more than the final product

Examples mining, smelting, refining manufacturing making paper

Book gaining industry

Make something that gains weight during production

Example, bottled beverages, car assembly, concrete, bread, baking

Break of bulk point

Location where transfer among transportation modes as possible, these are companies that use multiple transport modes located here

Examples railroads, airports, seaport

Just in time delivery

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive out of factory moments before they are needed

Examples, a car manufacturer receiving parts from supplier precisely when they are needed on the assembly line

Friction of distance

Idea that distance, inherently creates obstacles or cost, which hinder movement and interaction between places

Example, time, energy and money

Lease cost theory

A model developed by Alfred Webber that suggest industries will locate where the combine cost of transporting raw materials and finish products are minimalized

Example, a copper melting located near a copper mine

Agglomeration

The clustering together of similar businesses or industries in a particular geographic area. This allows them to share infrastructure, labor, pools, and other resources. Creating economic advantages through cooperation and proximity.

Examples silicone Valley in California, Hollywood, Los Angeles, Detroit, Michigan, and Wall Street in New York City

Animate power

Historically people relied primarily on this, this is a power supplied by animals or by people themselves

Examples, Oregon Trail

Fossil fuels

Is an energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions years ago

Example, examples, coal oil, petroleum, and natural gas

Non-renewable energy resources

This is the fossil fuel that have infinite supplies, capable of being exhausted

Example, all fossil fuels

Proven reserve

The supply of energy remaining and deposits that have been discovered

Examples, fast oil reserves located in Saudi Arabia

Potential reserves

The supply that deposits that are undiscovered, but thought to exist

Example, examples, large deposits of natural gas, trapped in shale rock formations deep beneath the earths surface

Geothermal energy

Energy from hot water or steam

Example of the country that uses it the most as USA and the Philippines

Photochemical smog

Hydrocarbons in sunlight create this, and it Causes respiratory problems, stinging in the eyes, and an ugly haze over cities

Example, Los Angeles, California

Acid deposition

Is at a regional scale, air pollution may damage all regions, vegetation, and water supply

Example damage to forest and legs down wind from large industrial areas from the power plants

Acid precipitation

Two oxides admitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere, where they combine with oxygen and water. Then it dissolves in water.

Example the acid may fall as snow rain or fog

Greenhouse effect

The increase in earth temperature caused by carbon dioxide, trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface

Example CO2 increases due to human activities like burning fossil fuels

Ozone

Is a gas that absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere above the earth surface

Chlorofluorocarbons

Earth protect protective ozone layer is threatened by pollutants

Example Freon-12

Point source pollution

Enters a body of water at a specific location, smaller, and easier to control

Example pipe from wastewater treatment plant, factory, discharge pipe, releasing industrial ways directly to

Nine point source pollution

Comes from a large, diffuse area

Example, agricultural runoff from fertilizers and pesticides from farmland

Sanitary landfill

Most common strategy for disposal of solid waste in the US. More than 1/2 of the countries waste is Trucked To landfills and buried under soil

Examples California has the most

Remanufacturing

Is the rebuilding of a product to a specifications of the original manufactured product using a Combination of reused, repaired, and new parts. Both are increasingly used in industry as ways to promote more sustainable industrial processes.

Examples, car engine, aircraft components, medical devices

New international divisions of labor

Selective transfer of some jobs to developing countries

Example Nike out scores the manufacturing of its shoes to Countries like Vietnam

outscoring

The practice where a company hires, an external organization or individual in another location, after overseas, to perform specific business functions or tasks that could be done internally, usually to reduce cost and access specialized skills

Example, customer service, accounting, legal services, MANUFACTURING

Offshore

The practice of moving Business operations To another country

Example Switzerland is one of the most significant for offshore their financial centers in the world

Vertical integration

Outscoring contrast with the approach typically of traditional mass production. In which a Company controls all phases of a highly complex production process

Example, a car manufacturer processing all its own parts from the raw materials to a finish vehicle

Maquiladora

A factory in Mexico, run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company

Example USA

BRICS

Stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa Africa, representing a group of emerging economies with significant economic influence on the global Stage and are seeking power

Right to work law

Any state law for bidding various union security measures, particularly the union shop, under which workers are required to join a union within a specific time after they’ve began employment

Example, Arizona, Georgia Indiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Carolina, and Texas

Intermodel connections

The ability to seamlessly transfer goods or people between different transportation modes

Example shipping containers being transported by ship to a port, then loaded onto a train for long, distant travel, and finally transferred to a truck for delivery to a final destination

De industrialization

The reduction of manufacturing within an economy

Example declined a manufacturing in the rust belt region in USA

Growth pole versus techno pole

Is a region or area within a country that is attracted economic, activities, and businesses, fostering overall economic growth. Techno pole is a branch of a growth pole.

Examples silicone Valley

Rust belt

Geographic region from New York through the Midwest that was once dominated by manufacturing

Example, Detroit, St. Louis and Cleveland

Sun belt

A strip of territory that receives a high amount of sunshine And attracts tourists in southern USA