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50 Terms

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seniority

The system under which committee chairs are awarded to members who have the longest continuous service on the committee

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Parliament

An assembly of party representatives that chooses a government and discusses major national issues

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teller vote

Explanation of congressional voting which suggests members of Congress respond primarily to cues provided by their colleagues

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conservative coalition

An alliance of conservative Democrats with Republicans for voting purposes

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party polarization

Indicated by votes in which a majority of voting Democrats oppose a majority of voting Republicans

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closed rule

A rule issued by the Rules Committee that does not allow a bill to be amended on the House floor

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simple resolution

Resolution used for matters such as establishing the rules under which each body will operate

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concurrent resolution

Resolution used for settling housekeeping and procedural matters that affect both houses

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joint resolution

Resolution that is essentially the same as a law and is used to propose constitutional amendments

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filibuster

A means by which senators can extend debate on a bill in order to prevent or delay its consideration

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attitudinal view

Explanation of congressional voting which emphasizes the impact of personal ideology and party identification as a voting cue

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cloture rule

A Senate rule offering a means for stopping a filibuster

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restrictive rule

A rule issued by the Rules Committee that permits some amendments to a bill but not to others

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markup

Committee revisions of a bill

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congressional caucus

An association of members of Congress created to advocate a political ideology or a regional or economic interest

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party whip

An individual who assists the party leader in staying abreast of the concerns and voting intentions of the party members

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Committee on Committees

Assigns Republicans to standing committees in the Senate

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representational view

Explanation of congressional voting that is based on the assumption that members want to get reelected and vote to please their constituents

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House Rules Committee

The group that decides what business comes up for a vote and what the limitations on debate should be

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discharge petition

A means by which the House can remove a bill stalled in committee

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multiple referral

The process through which a bill is referred to several committees that simultaneously consider it in whole or in part

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Steering Committee

Assigns Democrats to standing committees in the Senate

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party caucus

A meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy

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party vote

The extent to which members of a party vote together in the House or the Senate

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bicameral legislature

. A lawmaking body composed of two chambers or parts

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marginal districts

Districts in which the winner got less than 55 percent of the vote

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riders

Unrelated amendments added to a bill

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safe districts

Districts in which the winner got more than 55 percent of the vote

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sequential referral

The process through which a bill is referred to second committee after the first is finished acting

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Millionaire's Club

A traditional, pejorative name for the United States Senate

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majority leader

The legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or Senate

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select committees

Congressional committees appointed for a limited time period and purpose

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franking privilege

The ability of members of Congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge

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roll call vote

A congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering yea or nay to their names

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minority leader

The legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House or Senate

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joint committee

A committee on which both representatives and senators serve

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public bill

Legislation that deals with matters of general concern

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open rule

An order from the Rules Committee in the House that permits a bill to be amended on the legislative floor

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voice vote

A method of voting used in both houses in which members vote by shouting yea or nay

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double tracking

A procedure to keep the Senate going during a filibuster; the disputed bill is shelved temporarily

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conference committees

A special type of joint committee appointed to resolve differences in the House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation

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Christmas tree bill

A bill that has many riders

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division vote

A congressional voting procedure in which members stand and are counted

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standing committees

The permanent committees of each house with the power to report bills

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private bill

Legislation that deals only with specific matters rather than with general legislative affairs

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pork barrel legislation

Legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in the hope of winning their votes

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quorum call

A calling of the role in either house of Congress to determine whether the number of members in attendance meets the minimum number required to conduct official business

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divided government

one party in control of the presidency and the other in charge of one or both chambers of Congress

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organizational view

The theory of congressional voting behavior which assumes that members make voting decisions to please fellow members and obtain their goodwill

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unified government

the same party controls the White House and both houses of Congress