Chapter 3 ( Section 3.2 Peptides and Proteins)

As a general rule, peptides have ______ 100 amino acids and proteins have 100 or _____ amino acids

less than, more than

What are amino acids referred to as when they are in a polymerized state?

Residues

What is a dipeptide

two amino acids, one peptide bond

what is a tripeptide?

three amino acids, 2 peptide bonds

What is a oligopeptide bond?

A few amino acids

What is a polypeptide and its weight?

Many amino acids, molecular weight <10kDa

What is a protein made of and what is its weight?

Thousands of amino acids and >10kDa

What are the two peptides at the ends of proteins

Amino and Carboxyl groups

Are proteins polar or nonpolar?

Polar

At what point do you start when naming peptides

N-terminal end

How can peptides be distinguished from eachother?

By their ionization behavior

What are the three ionizable groups in peptides?

alpha amino group, alpha-carboxyl group, some R groups

proteins can also be comprised of…..

cofactors, coenzymes, prosthetic groups,

What are cofactors

functional non-amino acids components (not covalently bonded) - inorganic ions

What are coenzymes?

Complex organic or metallo-organic molecules (not covalently bonded)

What are prosthetic groups?

Cofactor or coenzyme that is very tightly bound to a protein (often covalently bonded)

What is the prosthetic group for Lipoproteins?

Lipids

What is the prosthetic group for Glycoproteins?

Carbohydrates

What is the prosthetic group for Phosphoproteins?

Phosphate groups

What is the prosthetic group for Hemoproteins?

Heme (iron porphyrin)

What is the prosthetic group for Flavoproteins?

Flavin nucleotides

What is the prosthetic group for Metalloproteins?

Iron, zinc, Calcium, Molybdenum, Copper