Social Psychology and Ethics Study Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core social psychology concepts, research methods, ethics, learning types, self-concept theories, and cognitive shortcuts from Chapters 1, 2, 3, and the Ethics chapter.

ABCs of Social Psychology

Affect (emotion and feeling), behavior (acting), and cognition (our thinking).

Observational Research

Research based on observations of behavior conducted in an objective, naturalistic manner.

Correlational Research

Research that searches for and tests hypotheses about the relationship between two or more variables (positive or negative).

Experimental Research

Research method that allows for establishing a causal relationship between variables by manipulating an independent variable through created conditions to observe the dependent variable outcome.

Pearson's r

A correlation measurement where $1$ is a perfect relationship every time and $0$ represents no relationship.

Tuskegee Study

An ethical violation where many Black men were given syphilis and denied the cure even though it existed.

APA Code of Ethics

A standard that applies to students and researchers alike in psychology to protect everyone.

The Common Rule

Ethical standards emphasizing respect for person autonomy and dignity, informed consent (Belmont Report), justice (fair distribution of risks and benefits), protection of vulnerable populations, and beneficence.

Beneficence

An ethical principle aimed at protecting participants from harm by seeking high benefits and low risks every time.

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs by observing someone else's reward or punishment to learn the outcome.

Association Learning

Learning through associations, such as linking advertising to stereotypes.

Observational Learning

The acquiring of new behaviors by watching others through imitating and modeling.

Schemas

Mental blueprints about specific objects or situations (e.g., breaking a plate learning about gravity) that guide expectations for the future.

Priming

Making someone give a specific answer by setting them up to receive the answer unconsciously.

Intersectionality

The condition when someone fits into multiple groups of identity.

Deindividuation

The loss of an individual's self-awareness and accountability in groups, such as masked groups like the KKK or people in riots.

Self-Discrepancy Theory

Theory stating that stress occurs when perceiving a discrepancy between actual and ideal selves.

Individualistic Cultures

Cultures, such as America, that prioritize and celebrate the achievements of an individual.

Collectivist Cultures

Cultures that view achievements as everyone's accomplishment through a shared 'we' mindset.

Heuristics

Fast mental shortcuts that do not guarantee success.

Availability Heuristic

A mental shortcut occurring when information is more available in the mind through cognitive accessibility.

Looking Glass Self

The portion of self-concept formed from our perception of how others see us, influencing self-esteem based on the views of others.

Social Comparison

Comparing oneself to others; includes upward comparison (comparing to what we want to be like) and downward comparison (ego boost from comparing to someone doing worse).

Eyewitness Testimony

Evidence that is highly flawed due to memories being malleable based on moods, affected by time, and influenced by implicit biases.

Implicit Association Test

A test designed to measure implicit or unconscious biases.