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Sensation
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
Stimulus
Any event or object that can provoke a response from a receptor in the nervous system.
Receptor
A sensory nerve ending that responds to a specific stimulus, sending signals to the nervous system.
Receptor Potential
The change in membrane potential of a receptor cell in response to stimulation.
Labeled Lines
Specific pathways through which different receptors transmit signals to particular parts of the nervous system.
Receptive Field
The specific area or region that influences the activity of a sensory neuron.
Somatosensory System
A complex system that processes input from touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception.
Nociceptors
Receptors responsible for the sensation of pain, consisting of free nerve endings.
Dermatome
The area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve root.
Phantom Pain
Pain experienced in a limb that has been amputated, often involving the perception of discomfort in the absence of the physical limb.
Plasticity in the Somatosensory Cortex
The ability of the somatosensory cortex to adapt or change in response to injury or the loss of a body part.
Mirror Therapy
A treatment approach for phantom pain that uses visual feedback from a mirror to reduce discomfort by creating the illusion of movement in an absent limb.
Top-down modulation of pain
The process by which the perception of pain can be influenced by higher cognitive processes.
Adequate Stimuli
Specific types of stimulation that are particularly effective at activating a receptor.
Sensory Pathway
The path taken by neural signals from receptors to the thalamus and then to the appropriate sensory cortices.
Meissner's Corpuscles
Touch receptors that adapt quickly and are sensitive to light touch and changes in texture.
Merkel's Discs
Touch receptors that respond to steady pressure and texture, providing detailed form information.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Receptors that respond to vibration and deep pressure, providing information about texture.
Ruffini's Endings
Receptors that respond to skin stretch, playing a role in detecting the position of limbs.
Free Nerve Endings
Nerve endings that detect pain, temperature, and some types of tactile information.
Piezo Receptors
Receptors such as Piezo1 and Piezo2 that respond to mechanical forces and are involved in touch perception.
