Speciation Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts of speciation.

Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs when a population is divided by a geographic barrier, interrupting gene flow.

Sympatric Speciation

Speciation that arises in a population in the same area, where gene flow is reduced through mechanisms such as polyploidy, habitat differentiation, and sexual selection.

Gradual Model of Speciation

A model indicating that species diverge gradually over time, suggesting a slow rate of speciation.

Punctuated Equilibrium Model

A model where new species appear suddenly and persist unchanged for some time before disappearing, indicating rapid speciation.

Polyploidy

A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes, often leading to speciation.

Habitat Differentiation

The process by which different environments contribute to the development of new species, often seen in sympatric speciation.

Sexual Selection

A type of natural selection where certain traits increase an individual's chances of attracting a mate and influencing speciation.

Reproductive Isolation

A set of mechanisms that prevent species from interbreeding, allowing for independent evolution.