Biology DNA Functions n Structure

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What is the monomer of DNA

a nucleotide

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What are DNA and RNA

nucleic acids

DNA is named for its sugar,

deoxyribose

How many strands does DNA have

2 (double stranded)

What are the parts of a nucleotide

a nitrogenous base (A-T, C-G), a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group

What are the 4 nitrogen bases

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

What does Adenine bond with

Thymine

What does Cytosine bond with

Guanine

Why do cells need to divide?

to grow and replace cells

What are the steps of Interphase

Cell growth (G1), DNA Synthesis (S), More growth (G2), G0

What are the steps of M-Phase

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenisis

Where does DNA Replication happen and why

The Nucleus, to protect the DNA

What direction does the leading strand go in

5’ to 3’

What direction does the lagging strand go in

3’ to 5’

What are the key protiens in DNA replication

Topoisomerase, Helicase, SSB Protiens, Primase, DNA Polymerase, and Ligase

What does Topoisomerase do?

creates the replication fork and prevents supercoiling

What does Helicase do?

unwinds the DNA

What does SSB Protiens do?

Keeps the DNA separated

What does Primase do?

Tells the DNA polymease to start

What does DNA Polymerase do?

Builds a new chain of DNA from 5’ to 3’ direction (leading strand)

What does Ligase do?

Glues the DNA fragments together