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What is the monomer of DNA
a nucleotide
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are DNA and RNA
nucleic acids
DNA is named for its sugar,
deoxyribose
How many strands does DNA have
2 (double stranded)
What are the parts of a nucleotide
a nitrogenous base (A-T, C-G), a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group
What are the 4 nitrogen bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What does Adenine bond with
Thymine
What does Cytosine bond with
Guanine
Why do cells need to divide?
to grow and replace cells
What are the steps of Interphase
Cell growth (G1), DNA Synthesis (S), More growth (G2), G0
What are the steps of M-Phase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenisis
Where does DNA Replication happen and why
The Nucleus, to protect the DNA
What direction does the leading strand go in
5’ to 3’
What direction does the lagging strand go in
3’ to 5’
What are the key protiens in DNA replication
Topoisomerase, Helicase, SSB Protiens, Primase, DNA Polymerase, and Ligase
What does Topoisomerase do?
creates the replication fork and prevents supercoiling
What does Helicase do?
unwinds the DNA
What does SSB Protiens do?
Keeps the DNA separated
What does Primase do?
Tells the DNA polymease to start
What does DNA Polymerase do?
Builds a new chain of DNA from 5’ to 3’ direction (leading strand)
What does Ligase do?
Glues the DNA fragments together
