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Mfecane
Period of upheaval in Southern Africa, meaning 'The Crushing'.
Shaka Zulu
Warrior king who unified the Zulu Kingdom.
Assegai
Long throwing spear used before Shaka's innovations.
Iklwa
Short stabbing spear designed for close combat.
Isihlangu
Large cowhide shield used for defense in battle.
Bull Horn Formation
Tactical maneuver encircling enemies in battle.
Amabutho
Regimental system based on age groups in Zulu army.
Centralisation
Establishment of absolute authority under Shaka's rule.
Assimilation
Incorporating conquered peoples into Zulu society.
Economic Management
Cattle as primary wealth and loyalty source.
Peak of Power
Shaka's dominance in the 1820s over Southern Africa.
Assassination
Shaka was killed in 1828 by half-brothers.
Visionary Leadership
Shaka aimed for a united and powerful Zulu state.
Authoritarian Rule
Shaka exercised absolute control with harsh punishments.
Charismatic Leader
Shaka inspired loyalty despite his brutality.
Military Genius
Shaka outmaneuvered enemies through innovative strategies.
Cultural Impact
Shaka's innovations transformed Zulu society and culture.
Legacy of Violence
Shaka's campaigns caused widespread displacement and suffering.
Symbol of African Identity
Shaka represents strength and resilience in Africa.
Relations with Europeans
Shaka maintained cautious interactions with European powers.
Instability
Shaka's paranoia led to alienation of allies.
Grief and Erratic Behavior
Nandi's death caused Shaka to act irrationally.
Colonial Presence
European powers expanded influence in Southern Africa.
Military Training
Rigorous drills and barefoot marches for warriors.
Economic Redistribution
Shaka redistributed cattle to maintain loyalty.
Downfall
Shaka's harsh rule led to his assassination.
Historical Debate
Shaka's legacy is viewed as both heroic and destructive.
Displacement
Mfecane caused millions to migrate from their lands.
Dingiswayo
Leader who recognized Shaka's military talent.
Zulu Kingdom
State established by Shaka, resisting colonialism.
