Mineral Groups and Their Names

How many native elements are there?

About 131

What do native elements consist of?

Metals, submetals, or non-metals

How many pure native elements are there?

28

What is a native element?

A naturally occurring pure substance with no anions

What is indicative of native metals?

Generally soft, good conductors, metallic luster, hackly fracture, low melting point, isometric crystal system, metallic bonds

What is a sulfide

A group of minerals formed through the combination of 1 or 2 metals and sulfur

Sulfosalt

A sulfide subgroup consisting of a metal, a semimetal, and sulfur

What are examples of semimetals

Arsenic, antimony, and bismuth

Examples of sulfide minerals

Pyrite, galena, cinabar

Oxides and hydroxides

Metal combined with oxygen

examples of oxides and hydroxides

hematite, corundum, ice, gas hydrate

What differentiates oxides and hydroxides?

Hydroxides have OH- and/or H2O

Examples of hydroxides

Brucite, geothite

What is one feature common in hydroxides?

Many are layered

What is a halogen?

Elements in group 17 on the periodic table, which produce salt when mixed with a metal

What does halogen mean

Salt producing

What are examples of halogens

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine

What do you get when you mix a halogen and H?

Acid

Halides

A mineral containing a halogen

Examples of halides

Halite, sylvite, fluorite

Carbonates

Contain CO3^-2

Borates

Contain BO3^-3

Nitrates

Contain NO3^-1

Sulfates, chromates, molybdates

Has an SO4^-2 tetrahedron

Examples of sulfates, chromates, molybdates

Anhydrite, gypsum, barite, celestine

Phosphates

PO4^-3

Arsenates

AsO4^-3

Vandates

VO4^-3

Common accessory phosphate minerals

Apatites

Nesosilicates

SiO4^-4 + cations, no linking of tetrahedrons

Sorosilicates

Bowtie silicates, oxygen is shared, + cations

Nesosilicate example

Olivines

Sorosilicate example

Epidote

Cyclosilicates

Six tetrahedrons arranged in a circular order + cations

Inosilicates

Big chains of silicates which shared oxygen + cations

Cyclosilicate example

Tourmaline

Inosilicate example

Pyroxene and amphibole

What differentiates pyroxenes and amphiboles

Amphiboles are double chains, while pyroxenes are not

Phyllosilicates

Sheet silicates + cations

Phyllosilicate examples

Micas and clay minerals

Tectosilicates

Every tetrahedron is linked, no need for cations

Tectosilicate example

quartz