BIO 112 Digestive System

carbs, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

biological macromolecules

fats, phospholipids, sterols

types of lipids

amino acids, lipids, vitamins, mine

glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water

equation for cellular respiration

mechanical digestions

chewing, grinding elements in digestive tract

chemical digestion

enzymes break bonds through the addition of water (enzymatic hydrolysis)

extracellular digestion

breakdown of food outside cells

intracellular digestion

take food particles into food vacuoles in cells, lysosomes provide enzymes for breakdown

incomplete digestive system

have a digestive sac/pouch with one opening usually called a gastrovascular cavity

complete digestive systems

have digestive tubes/tracts with separate entrance and exit usually called an alimentary canal

absorption

small molecules taken into cells

elimination

indigestible material exits

ingestion

food enters via mouth

mechanical digestion

action of teeth and tonguech

chemical digestion

salivary amylase

mechanical stomach control

churning action of smooth muscles

chemical effort of stomach

gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes

chemicals secrete from pancreas, liver, and glands in intestines continue digestion

first third of small intestine functions

most nutrient absorption

second two third of small intestine function

voluntary striated muscle then involuntary smooth muscle

types of muscle in esophagus

stomach

stores food and continues digestion

small intestine

continues digestion and absorbs nutrients

colon

reabsorbs water and prepares indigestible food matter for elimination

dentition, organ dimensions, digestive mutualists

digestive system adaptations