Lesson 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

What are Plastids in Plant Cells?

responsible for food production. bears pigment

Types of Plastids

Chloroplast(Gerontoplast), Chromoplast, Leucoplast(Amynoplast, Proteinoplast, and Elaioplast)

Chloroplast

for plants, contains the pigment green (old ; Gerontoplast)

Chromoplast

pigment for flowers and fruits (usually red)

Leucoplast

(non-pigmented plastids) ; amynoplast (starch), proteinoplast(proteins), elaioplast(oil).

What are the two classification of Cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (Bacterial, Plant Cell, Animal Cell)

PROKARYOTIC (BACTERIAL)

Smaller and simpler. Single-celled. Lacks a nucleus but has the presence of a nucleoid. bacteria, cyanobacteria - photosynthesis

Enumerate the Morphology of Prokaryote

Cytoplasm with ribosomes, DNA in nucleoid, Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall, Capsule, Pilus, Flagellum

PROKARYOTIC LIFE STYLE

colony and filamentous

Colony

visible group of organisms. agar is used to grow microorganisms

FILAMENOUS (HYPHAE)

filaments forming chain.Long and thread-like structures

What are the types of prokaryotic cell

Photosynthetic, Disease-causing, Decomposers

Photosynthetic Prokaryotic Cell

Cyanobacteria - blue-green algae found in fresh water, marine ecosystem, and moist area contains chlorophyl

Disease-Causing Prokaryotic Cell

Pathogenic bacteria - pathogens are harmful to other organisms

DECOMPOSTERS Prokaryotic Cell

Breaks down remains and dead organisms

Examples: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis), Vibrio cholerae (Cholera), E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus.

Eukaryotic Cell

Larger and more complex. Have membrane bound organelles. Have chromosomes Include animal and plants. plant and animal cell. (amoeba, yeast)

Enumerate the characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell

Larger and more complex (more membrane bound organelles), have chromosomes, plant and animal cell. (EX. of Eukaryotic Cells Plant cells), Animal cells, Amoeba (Note: can cause amoebiasis, leading to diarrhea and dehydration), Cheek cells, Yeast, Nucleus (as a defining component)

Specialized Eukaryotic Cell

complex cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles that have adapted to perform specific, unique functions. (Liver Cell, Sperm Cell, Mesophyll)

LIVER CELL(HEPATOCYTE)

to detoxify blood and store glucose as glycogen

h_________helps detoxify harmful substances. Stores glucose to produce glycogen before transporting the nutrients into the blood.

SPERM CELL

specialized to deliver DNA to egg cell (haploid nucleus - 23 chromosomes)

• head - nucleus

• neck: centrioles

• midpiece: full of mitochondria

• tail - flagellum (to swim). Anatomy: * Head: Packed with a nucleus, mitochondria (for energy), and an acrosome (which releases enzymes to penetrate the egg cell).

• Tail: Has its own flagellum so it can move and swim (motility).

MESOPHYLL CELL

specialized to capture as much light as possible

• for photosynthesis and respiration

• adaxial surface - upper part of leaf that contains chlorophyll

• spongy mesophyll releases oxygen

HOW STRUCTURES HELP WITH MOVEMENTS

craw-pseudopods, swim-flagellum, move-cilia

Pseudopods

temporary arm-like extension

flagellum

tail-like organelle

Cilia

hair-like organelle

Difference of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

P: Simple and easy to grow, as*xual and fast reproduction, all looks the same. E: Specialized, multicellular(s*xual), and can build larger bodies.

WHITE BLOOD CELL

soldier of the body and helps fight unwanted substances ( infections)

PHAGOCYTES

eats cell engulfs harmful foreign particles

Phagocytosis

cellular process by which specialized cells engulf and digest large solid particles such as invading bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris.

PINOCYTES

drinks cell engulfs extracurricular fluids

Pinocytosis

cellular process where a cell engulfs extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes.