[PL 3.1] Laboratory Safety, Microbial Control, & Quality Assurance

Which category of bioterrorism agents is considered the most dangerous?

Category A

Which category involves moderately easy dissemination and requires improved CDC surveillance?

Category B

Which category includes emerging pathogens with potential for future mass dissemination?

Category C

What are the key features of Category A agents?

Easily transmitted, high mortality, major public health impact

What are the key features of Category B agents?

Moderate dissemination, moderate morbidity, low mortality, enhanced surveillance needed

What are the key features of Category C agents?

Emerging pathogens, easy to produce, potential for high morbidity/mortality, future threat

What are the primary hazards encountered in Clinical Microbiology?

bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, patient samples

What are the three components of biorisk management?

Biosecurity, Biosafety, Biocontainment

What is the main goal of biorisk management?

Effective management of risks posed by infectious agents and toxins in laboratories

What are the main elements included in biorisk management practices?

Biosecurity, Biosafety, Biocontainment

What does the full spectrum of lab safety measures cover?

Standard operating procedures, physical measures, and individual practices

What is biosecurity?

Cumulative measures to prevent Valuable Biological Materials from being misused

What does biosecurity aim to prevent?

Introduction of infectious disease into the general population

What is the term for intentional release of pathogens to cause harm?

Bioterrorism

What is the term for safety measures that confine infectious organisms and prevent accidental release to the environment?

Biocontainment

What safety practice aims to reduce lab worker exposure and environmental contamination?

Biosafety

What CDC guideline requires all body fluids to be treated as potentially infectious?

Standard Precautions

What precautions are added when a patient is known or suspected to be infected?

Transmission-Based Precautions

Which precaution is used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact?

Contact Precautions

Which precaution is used for pathogens spread by close respiratory contact?

Droplet Precautions

Which precaution is used for agents that remain airborne and infectious over long distances?

Airborne Precautions

Which CDC guideline assumes all patients and samples are infectious?

Standard Precautions

What biosafety principle focuses on lab design and safety equipment to contain agents?

Biocontainment

What organization defines biosafety as managing risks to health and the environment?

WHO

What device protects workers from aerosol exposure to infectious agents in the lab?

Biological Safety Cabinet

What kind of filter removes particles >0.3 µm in biosafety cabinets?

HEPA Filter

Which class of biological safety cabinets protect both the operator and the sample?

Class I and Class II

Which lab enclosure provides protection for the sample but not the operator?

Laminar Flow Cabinet

Which lab enclosure provides protection for the operator but not the sample?

Fume Hood

Which lab equipment protects both the sample and the operator?

Biosafety Cabinet

What is the most common method of air sterilization used in biosafety cabinets?

HEPA Filter

What is the particle size threshold for removal by a HEPA filter?

0.3 micrometers (µm)

Which class of biosafety cabinet protects the operator and environment but not the sample?

Class I Cabinet

Which biosafety cabinet class uses vertical laminar airflow to protect the material and user?

Class II Cabinet

Which type of Class II cabinet recirculates 70% of air and exhausts 30%?

Class IIA Type A2 Cabinet

Which Class II biosafety cabinet exhausts 100% of air outside and is used for toxic substances?

Class IIB Cabinet

Which class of cabinet has built-in gloves and provides the highest level of protection?

Class III Cabinet

Which cabinet operates under negative pressure and is completely enclosed?

Class III Cabinet

Which class I cabinet can either exhaust outside or recirculate air through a HEPA filter?

Class I Cabinet

What type of airflow does a Class II biosafety cabinet utilize to create a sterile barrier?

Vertical Laminar Flow