Chemical Reactions and Equations

precipitate

insoluble ionic compound

aq

dissolves well, soluble

s

precipitate

spectator ions

don't react in the equation/change, not written in net ionic form

electrolytes

a compound that dissolves in water to give aqueous ions, will conduct electricity

strong electrolytes

completely give ions in water, nothing left of original compound, ex., ionic compounds

strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4, dissociate in water

strong bases

group I and II hydroxide compounds

weak electrolytes

dissociate to some extent, but mostly ions stay together, all besides "strong"

solubility

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.

soluble compounds

anything w alkali metal ions or HN4+, nitrates, bicarbonates, chlorates, halides except of Ag+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, sulfates except of Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, alkali metals w Ba2+

insoluble compounds

carbonates, phosphates, chromates, sulfides except when w alkali metals or ammonium, hydroxides

acid base reactions

acid+base---water and salt of most strong acids and bases

aqueous solution

a solution in which water is the solvent

solubility

The ability to dissolve in another substance

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

electric conductivity

the measure of the amount of electrical current a material can carry, happens when solute dissociates in solution

acid

Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water

molarity

the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution, concentration

stock solution

a solution whose concentration is accurately known

dilution

the procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution

precipitation reaction

a reaction in which a solid, insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution

molecular equation

lists the reactants and products in their molecular form

complete ionic equation

an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions (aq) and may include ppt as (s).

spectator ions

Ions that are not involved in the overall reaction

neutralization reactions

acids and bases neutralize each other to form salt and often water

redox reaction

an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction

oxidation state

The hypothetical charge on an atom assuming that the bonding is completely ionic

oxidation

loss of electrons (OIL)

reduction

gain of electrons (RIG)

oxidizing agent

the chemical that caused something to get oxidized, reactant containing the element that is reduced

reducing agent

the reactant that contains the element that gets oxidized

half-reaction

the two parts of a redox reaction, each representing either reduction or oxidation