Unit 5 Gov

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What did the 14th Amendment accomplish?

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It granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people.

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What right did the 15th Amendment grant?

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It granted African American men the right to vote.

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30 Terms

1
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What did the 14th Amendment accomplish?

It granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people.

2
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What right did the 15th Amendment grant?

It granted African American men the right to vote.

3
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How did the 17th Amendment change the election of Senators?

It changed the practice from a vote by state legislatures to a direct vote by the people.

4
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What significant right was granted by the 19th Amendment?

It granted women the right to vote.

5
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What structural barrier to voting was eliminated by the 24th Amendment?

It eliminated poll taxes.

6
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What age was established as the voting age by the 26th Amendment?

18 years old.

7
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What is rational choice voting?

It refers to individuals who base their voting decisions on what is perceived to be in their best interest.

8
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What does retrospective voting involve?

It involves deciding whether to reelect the party or candidate in power based on their recent past performance.

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What is prospective voting?

It refers to voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future.

10
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What is straight ticket voting?

It refers to voting for all candidates from one political party on a ballot.

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What factors can influence voter turnout in the U.S.?

Structural barriers, political efficacy, and demographics.

12
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How do state-controlled elections affect voter turnout?

Variations in polling hours, Voter ID laws, and types of voting allowed can influence turnout.

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What demographic characteristics can predict voting likelihood?

Political efficacy, engagement, age, gender, race, and ethnicity.

14
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What factors influence voter choice?

Party identification, candidate characteristics, contemporary political issues, and demographic characteristics.

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What are linkage institutions?

Channels that allow individuals to communicate their preferences to policymakers, including political parties, interest groups, elections, and media.

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What functions do political parties serve?

Mobilization and education of voters, party platforms, candidate recruitment, and campaign management.

17
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How have political parties adapted in recent years?

They have adapted to candidate-centered campaigns and weakened their role in nominating candidates.

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What influences the structure of political parties?

Critical elections, campaign finance law, and changes in communication technology.

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How do winner-take-all voting districts affect third-party candidates?

They serve as a structural barrier, favoring the two-party system.

20
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What role do interest groups play in the political process?

They educate voters, conduct lobbying, draft legislation, and mobilize membership.

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What is an iron triangle in politics?

A relationship among interest groups, bureaucratic agencies, and congressional committees that influences policy.

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What is the free rider problem in interest groups?

It refers to individuals benefiting from the work of an interest group without providing financial support.

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What are single-issue groups?

Groups formed with the goal of affecting society and policymaking on a specific issue.

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How do elections relate to major policy shifts?

Elections and political parties can lead to political realignments of voting constituencies.

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What factors affect U.S. presidential elections?

Incumbency advantage, open and closed primaries, caucuses, party conventions, and the Electoral College.

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What is the ongoing debate regarding the Electoral College?

The debate centers on how states allocate electors and the discrepancy between Electoral College results and the popular vote.

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What are some challenges of modern campaigns?

Dependence on professional consultants, rising costs, and reliance on social media.

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What does the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 address?

It aimed to ban soft money and reduce attack ads, requiring candidates to approve their messages.

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How does media influence political participation?

Media coverage and analysis shape how citizens acquire political information and can affect election outcomes.

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What impact does media bias have on political knowledge?

It can lead to uncertainty over credibility and reinforce existing beliefs through consumer-driven media.