Coasts and fieldwork

list the physical landscapes of the UK

Highland Britain

• Moor

• Mountain

• Rugged

• High rainfall

• water logging

Lowland Britain

• Rolling

• flat

• marsh

• fen

• water logging

In which area are igneous and metamorphic rocks found

higher places → e.g Scottish highland, lake district, snowdonia

what are waves

• waves are formed by wind

• Big waves are formed by:

• 1) strong wind

  2) duration of wind

  3) Fetch (distance in which wave traveled)

what are the different types of wave

• Destructive ( high energy)

• Constructive (low energy)

3 things that water does is:

EXACT ORDER

1) Erosion

2) transportation

3) Deposition

define weathering

weathering is the breaking down of rocks in situ.

explain how biological weathering works

when roots of trees breaks into rocks

explain how chemical weathering works

cracks in rocks formed by rain as rain is slightly acidic

explain how physical (freeze thaw) weathering works

when water seeps into cracks in rocks, the water freezes and expands, the water the melts and this process repeats until rock is split in half

what is mass movement

the sudden movement of a large volume of rock or sediment

list the different types of mass movement

• Rockfall

• landslide

• slumping

what are the different types of erosion

• Abrasion → rocks that do the erosion by scraping the sea bed/ hitting cliff

• Solution → chemicals dissolve the rock

• Hydraulic action → force of water when hits cliff

• Attrition → rocks that bang together becoming rounder + smaller

list the different coastal landforms of erosion

• headlands and bay

• cliffs

• caves, arches, stacks

describe how headlands and bays are formed

e.g Swanage bay

describe how cliffs are formed

• Bare off cliff means it is being eroded back

describe how caves, arches, stacks are formed

e.g old harry (Dorset)

what are the characteristics of beaches

1) Composition e.g sand or pebble

2) Angle e.g low or steep

3) width

• sandy beaches have a gentle profile - low energy

• pebbles and shingle beaches ofter have steeper profile - high energy

describe how sand dunes are formed

A sand dune need:

• large supply of sand

• big flat beach

• prevailing wind

• obstacle for dune to form around e.g seaweed, driftwood

what are the 4 steps of transportation

1) traction

2) saltation

3) suspension

4) solution

what is longshore drift

describe the formation of a spit

define hard engineering

putting man-made structures on the coasts to stop it from eroding

list the hard engineering strategies at the coast

• sea wall - concrete/rock barrier, reflects energy from waves back to sea

• groynes - timber or rock structures built out to sea, stops longshore drift

• gabions - wire cages filled with rocks, built up to support cliffs, buffer against sea

• rock armour - piles of boulders dumped the foot of the cliff, forces waves to break, absorbing their energy

what are the advantages and disadvantage of the sea wall

Advantage

• Reflects wave energy

Disadvantage

• high maintenance

• expensive £5,000 - 10,000 per metre

what are the advantages and disadvantage of Groynes

Advantage

• low maintenance

• creates wider beach - reduces wave energy and can be popular with tourists

• cheap £150,000 each

Disadvantage

• starve beaches further along the coats (terminal groyne syndrome)

what are the advantages and disadvantage of Gabions

Advantage

• cheap to produce £50,000 per 100m

• flexible when finished

• will become vegetated over time - looks more natural

Disadvantage

• looks ugly when first placed

• may not be effective against storm weather

• cages will rust

what are the advantages and disadvantage of Rock armour (rip-rap)

Advantage

• low maintenance

• can provide interest to the coast - fishing

• cheaper £200,000 per 100m

Disadvantage

• do not fit with local geology

• looks ugly

• blocks views

what are the 6 stages of fieldwork in order

planning → data collection → presentation → analysis → conclusion → evaluation

list the 4 different sampling techniques

1) random sampling e.g picking up stones from any area

2) stratified sampling e.g surveying 3 residential buildings

3) systematic sampling e.g sampling every 5th groyne

4) pragmatic sampling → we used this at Southworld bc lack of time to measure all groyne (6/7)

what did you see at Southworld

• groynes - rock and timber

• sea wall - repairing with steel pipes

• cliff re-alighnment

what is the hypothesis of our fieldwork

The goynes at Southworld stops longshore drift

give reasons why Southworld was a suitable location for the fieldwork

• it’s 2h drive away - distance of abt 70m

• it has gryones

what are the risks during the field trip what you did to reduce it

• drowning because we are doing it close to the sea - to not be allowed in the water at all

• lost in town because we’ve nvr been there before - bring your phone, given a map

what are we measuring in Southworld

we are measuring groyne drop height, from the top of the goyne to the surface of the sand on opposite sides

how did you present your data from Southworld and what are the strength and weakness of it

DIAGRAME IN BOOKLET

Strength

• easy to draw and understand

• shows the amount of sand on each side of the groyne

weakness

• needs to be careful when drawing it

was there any anomoly in the data

none in data but took photo of groyne being covered in sand

what’s another case study we have learnt about managed retreat

Medberry, west sussex

what’s case study have we learnt about holding the land other then Southworld

Bunn leisure in west sussex

what is the managed retreat in Medberry about

• largest coastal realignment scheme in UK

• done this because they have suffered many floods

what are the advantages of managed retreat in Medberry

• The area now has ten kilometres of footpaths, seven kilometres of bike paths, and five kilometres of bridleways → provide people with more open space for e.g jogging → improve quality of life

• attract green tourists due to salt marsh being a wild bird habitat → tourists spend money on e.g hotel → boost economy

• lot’s of biodiversity e.g reed beds → compensates for losses due to development → allowing a diverse of animals to live there attracting e.g bird watchers

what are some PLC about Medberry managed retreat

• Monitored by the Environmental Agency

• salt water marsh

• good for wildlife

• £28m

• 4miles of new embankment

what is the holding the land at Bunn leisure about

• beach nourishment + rock groyne

• cost £15m

• the manager of Bunn leisure doesn’t want his holiday resort to be destroyed by erosion