MSE Kocak Final Terms

Defining, Important, and Application of Glass Ceramics

Defining Characteristic - Fine grained polycrystalline material produced through controlled crystallization of base glass

Important characteristic - low coefficent of thermal expansion

Application - Ovenware (Corningware)

Defining, Important, and Application of a Refractory Ceramic

Defining: Unreactive and inert when exposed to high temperatures or corrosive environments

Important: resistant to thermal shock

Application: cement kilns

Defining, Important, and Application of a Ceramic Biomaterial

Defining: relatively high fracture toughness

Important: can bond and interact with tissue

application : orthopedic applications/implants

Defining, Important, and Application of Graphite

Defining: allotrope of carbon

Important: optically opaque with black-silver color

Application: lubricants, pencils

Vitrification

the transformation of a material into a glass-like, non-crystalline solid by heating, during which the particles partially melt and flow to fill spaces between them, enhancing density and strength.

Sintering

a process where powdered materials are heated below their melting point to cause particles to bond together, reducing porosity and increasing strength.

Isomerism

the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula exist in different structural forms or arrangements. These variations can lead to different physical and chemical properties.

Glass Transition Temperature

the temperature at which the polymer experiences the transition from rubbery into rigid states

Condensation Polymerization

formation of polymers of stepwise intermolecular chemical reactions that may incolve more than one monomer species.

Addition Polymerization

start with monomer and free radical, free radical breaks the double bond, creating two active sites, then bonds with one of the carbon sites. The other site is open to bond with another monomer, which then creates another active site. How long the chain grows will affect its molecular weight.

Vulcanization

the crosslinking that is achieved by a nonreversible chemical reaction to enhance the strength and modulus of elasticity of an elastomer. Rubber is vulcanized by the addition of sulfur and other agents/activators.

Allotropy

the existence of different forms of the same element in the same physical state.

Amorphous Solid

A solid in which atoms or molecules are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

Anisotropy

The property of being directionally dependent in materials. (e.g wood, carbon fiber…)

Interstitial Solid Solution

A solid solution in which smaller atoms fit into the gaps between the host atoms.

Substitutional Solid Solution

A type of solid solution where solute atoms replace the solvent atoms in the crystal lattice.

Defining, Important, and Application for Brass

Defining: alloy of copper and zinc

Important: resistant to corrosion OR bacterial antimicrobial resistance.

Application: door handles, music instruments.

Defining, Important, and Application for Bronze

Defining: alloy of copper and tin

Important: excellent thermal conductivity OR resistant to saltwater corrosion.

Application: bearings, bushings, piston rings.

Defining, Important, and Application for Magnesium

Defining: lowest density of all the structural metals.

Important: has a low elastic modulus OR difficult to deform at room temp.

Application: aircraft and missile applications

Defining, Important, and Application for Refractory Metals

Defining: Extremely high melting temperatures.

Important: Interatomic bonding in these metals is extremely strong

Application: Tungsten used for incandescent light filaments, x-ray tubes, and welding electrodes.

Defining, Important, and Application for Super Alloys

Defining: Superlative combinations of properties even while at high fraction of their melting point.

Important: Often cast as single crystal to decrease creep resistance

Application: nuclear reactors

Slip System

Combination of slip plane and slip direction. Slip plane being the crystallographic plan on which slip occurs most easily. Slip direction being the crystallographic direction along which slip occurs most easily.

Elastic Recovery

The return of a material under load to its original dimensions while in elastic deformation.

Creep

is the time-dependent, gradual deformation of a material when it is subjected to a constant load or stress.

Anelasticity

delayed elastic response of a material to stress, where the strain is recoverable but occurs over time, rather than instantaneously.

Annealing

controlled heating and cooling process, typically used on metals and glass, to soften the material, relieve internal stresses, and improve mechanical or electrical properties.

Intermetallic Compounds

chemically ordered alloys with definite composition and crystal structure, formed by two or more metallic elements.

Isomorphism

two substances (usually elements or compounds) can crystallize in the same structure and replace each other in the crystal lattice without disrupting the structure.

Isotropic

having identical values of a property in all crystallographic directions.

Tetrahedral Position

small space between four atoms that form the corners of a tetrahedron. Think interstitial site.

Octahedral Position

space surrounded by six atoms at the corners of an octahedron (think two pyramids base-to-base). Also an interstitial site.

Defining, Important, and Application for Cement / Clay Cement

Defining: when mixed with water, interlocks and hardens

Important: curing requires appropriate moisture content and will become weaker if dried out

application : mortar for masonry work, form concrete

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