17_18_46_9_08_2024_Qualitative Analysis-1

Qualitative Analysis

Involves the detection of cations and anions of a salt or a mixture of salts.

Physical Examination

Process of observing and inferring based on the color, smell, density, and deliquescence of substances.

Dry Heating Test

Test involving the observation of gas evolved, sublimate formed, decrepitation, fusion, swelling, and residue.

Solubility Chart

Chart showing the solubility of different anions with exceptions.

Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Group

Group of radicals observed through precipitation reactions, oxidation, and reduction in solutions.

Action of Heat

Observations and inferences related to the behavior of different ions upon heating.

Conc

Test common to chloride, bromide, and iodide ions involving freshly prepared manganese dioxide and AgNO3 test.

Bromide Ion (Br¯)

An anion that can be identified through its reaction with certain reagents to form a precipitate.

Nitrate Ion (NO3¯)

An anion that reacts with certain reagents to form a precipitate, aiding in its identification.

Sulphate Ion (SO4 2–)

An anion that does not produce a gas with dilute or concentrated H2SO4 but forms a precipitate with specific reagents.

Phosphate Ion (PO4 3–)

An anion that can be identified through its reaction with certain reagents to form a precipitate.

Borate Ion (BO3 3–)

An anion that plays a role in qualitative analysis and can be detected by its reaction with specific reagents.

Cations

Positively charged ions.

Group 1st radical

Includes Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+ cations that are precipitated as chlorides due to their low solubility products.

Group 2nd radical

Cations precipitated as sulfides due to their low solubility, while others remain in solution due to high solubility products.

Group 4th

Cations precipitated by ammonium hydroxide, affecting the analysis scheme if not handled properly.

Group 5th

Cations precipitated by ammonium carbonate in alkaline or neutral medium, requiring specific reagents for accurate analysis.

Qualitative Analysis

A method used in chemistry to determine the presence or absence of certain ions or compounds in a sample.

Mercury Ion (Hg2+)

A cation with a charge of 2+ consisting of mercury.

Copper Ion (Cu+2)

A cation with a charge of 2+ consisting of copper.

Cadmium Ion (Cd+2)

A cation with a charge of 2+ consisting of cadmium.

Lead Ion (Pb2+)

A cation with a charge of 2+ consisting of lead.

Arsenic Ion (As+3)

A cation with a charge of 3+ consisting of arsenic.

Antimony Ion (Sb+3)

A cation with a charge of 3+ consisting of antimony.

Tin (II) Ion (Sn+2) and Tin (IV) Ion (Sn+4)

Cations with charges of 2+ and 4+ consisting of tin.

Aluminum Ion (Al3+)

A cation with a charge of 3+ consisting of aluminum.

Chromium Ion (Cr3+)

A cation with a charge of 3+ consisting of chromium.

Qualitative Analysis

A method used in chemistry to determine the presence or absence of certain ions in a solution.

Manganese Ion (Mn2+)

An ion that belongs to the IVth group in qualitative analysis, along with Zn+2, Ni+2, and Co+2.

Cobalt Ion (Co2+)

An ion that reacts with NH4OH in qualitative analysis.

Nickel Ion (Ni2+)

An ion that reacts with NH4OH in qualitative analysis and forms a precipitate.

Barium Ion (Ba2+)

An ion that belongs to the Vth group in qualitative analysis and reacts with (NH4)2CO3, NH4OH, and NH4Cl.

Strontium Ion (Sr2+)

An ion that reacts with (NH4)2CO3, NH4OH, and NH4Cl in qualitative analysis.