FABSX Quiz 9

What shape is the popliteal fossa?

diamond shaped at posterior knee

Superolateral boundary and superomedial boundary of popliteal fossa?

Superolateral: biceps femoris

Superomedial: semimembranous and semitendinous

Inferolateral boundary and inferomedial boundary of popliteal fossa?

Inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius

inferomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius

Posterior boundary and anterior boundary of popliteal fossa?

posterior: skin and fascia

anterior: femur, popliteal ligament, fascia over popliteus muscle

Contents of poplitteal fossa?

small saphenous v.

popliteal a/v

popliteal lymph nodes

Nerves in poplitteal fossa?

tibial and common fibular n

posterior cutaenous n of thigh

Where does the popliteal artery begin and end?

start: adductor hiatus; end: popliteal muscle

Branches of popliteal artery:

descending genicular

lateral superior/inferior genicular

superior/inferior medial genicular

anterior/posterior tibial

Anterior tibial artery has what branches?

circumflex fibular

recurrent branch

Posterior tibial artery has what branches?

peroneal/fibular branch

Pronation has what movements?

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

What are the compartments of the leg?

Lateral, anterior, posterior (superficial, deep)

The anterior/dorsiflexor compartment is located where?

anterior to interosseous membrane

What are the muscles of anterior compartment of the leg?

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

TEEF

What does peroneus refer to?

fibula

What is the nerve of the anterior compartment of muscles?

deep fibular nerve

What are the parts of the retinacula of anterior compartment?

superior/inferior extensor retinaculum

Tibialis anterior O and I

O: upper half of lateral tibia, interroseous membrane

I: medial cuneiform bone and first metatarsal

Tibialis anterior A

A: Dorsiflex foot, invert foot, assists in holding up medial longitudinal arch

Extensor hallucis longus O and I

O: middle half of anterior fibula, interroseous

I: distal phalanx of big toe

Extensor hallucis longus A

A: extend big toe, dorsiflex and invert

Extensor digitorum longus O and I

O: upper 2/3 of fibula

I: extensor expansion of lateral 4 toes

Extensor digitorum longus A

A: extend toes and dorsiflex foot

Fibularis tertius O and I

O: lower 1/3 of fibula

I: medial side of base of fifth metatarsal bone (pinky toe)

Fibularis tertius A

A: dorsiflex and evert foot

Where does the deep fibular nerve arise b/t?

b/t fibularis longus and neck of fibula

What does the deep fibular n accompany?

anterior tibial a.(popliteal branch)

Anterior tibial artery begins where? What does it become?

popliteus muscle to ankle joint

becomes dorsalis pedis

Where does anterior tibial artery descend?

descends b/t tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus

• anterior to interroseous

Dorsalis pedis artery pulse is felt where?

extensor hallucis long and extensor digi. longus

Fibularis longus O and I

O: superior 2/3 of lateral fibula

I: 1st metatarsal and cuneiform bone

Fibularis longus A and N

A: eversion and weak plantar flexion

N: superficial fibular/peroneal

Fibularis Brevis O and I

O: inferior 2/3 of lateral fibula

I: base of 5th metatarsal bone

Fibularis Brevis A and N

A: eversion and weak plantar flexion

N: superficial fibular

Blood supply of lateral compartment (fibularis brevis and longus)

no major arteries- supplied by branches of anterior tibial, fibular, posterior tibial

What are the superificial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

What muscles make the triceps surae of leg?

gastrocnemius and soleus

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

What is the artery and nerve for the posterior compartment of leg?

posterior tibial artery

tibial nerve

Gastrocnemius O and I

O:lateral head: lateral condyle; medial head: superior to medial condyle

I: tendo calcaneus

Gastrocnemius A and N

A: plantar flexion, flex knee joint

N: tibial n

Soleus O and I

O: posterior head fibula, superior ¼ of fibula, medial tibia

I: tendo calcaneus

Soleus A and N

A: plantar flexion

N: tibial n

Plantaris O and I

O: inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and popliteal lig

I: tendo calcaneus

Plantaris A and N

A: weakly assist gastrocnemius do plantar flexion and flexing knee

N: tibial n

Popliteus O and I

O: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

I: posterior tibia superior to soleal line

Popliteus A and N

A: weakly flex knee and unlock it

N: tibial n

Tibialis posterior O and I

O: interosseous membrane of posterior tibia and fibula

I: navicular cuneiform, cuboid, base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, metatarsal

Tibialis posterior A and N

A: plantar flex and invert

N: tibial n

Flexor digitorum longus O and I

O: medial part of posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line

I: base of distal 4 phalanges

Flexor digitorum longus A and N

A: flex digits of toes and plantar flex

N: tibial n

Flexor hallucis longus O and I

O: inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

I: base of distal phalanx of great toe

Flexor hallucis longus A and N

A: flexes great toe at all joints and plantar flex foot

N: tibial n

Structures that run posterior to medial mallelous?

tibialis posterior m

flexor digitorum longus m

tibial n and posterior tibial a.

flexor hallucis longus

Structures that run posterior to lateral mallelous?

Fibularis longus and brevis m

fibular a

small saphenous v

sural n

TIbial nerve arises from what nerve roots?

ventral rami L4-S3

Where is the tarsal tunnel?

area posterior to the medial mallelous

Fractures of the fibula affect what nerve?

common fibular n.

What does fracture of the fibula cause?

foot drop due to deep peroneal n injury

Calcaneovalgus is due to injury of what nerve?

tibial n

What is another name of the tendo calcaneuos?

achilles tendon

What pulse is located between flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus?

posterior tibial a.

What pulse is located between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus?

dorsalis pedis a

What is a red flag of clinical conditions of leg?

intermettient claudification

Achilles tendon reflex affects which nerve levels?

S1 and S2

Largest and most important branch of posterior tibial artery is what?

fibular artery

Largest branch of popliteal artery is what?

posterior tibial a