ENGG 412 - Materials Science and Engineering

Stone age

2.6 million - 3300 B.C.

Bronze age

3300 B.C. - 1200 B.C.

Iron age

1200 B.C. - 600 B.C.

Modern and advanced materials

Early 20th century - Present day

Materials science

Investigates relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials.

Materials engineering

Design the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.

Characterization, structure, performance, processing, properties

State the elements of the material tetrahedron.

Scientist, engineer

People involved in the material tetrahedron

Subatomic level

The electronic structure of individual atoms that defines interaction among atoms.

Atomic level

Arrangement of atoms in materials (for the same atoms can have different properties)

Microscopic structure

Arrangement of small grains of material that can be identified by microscope.

Macroscopic structure

Structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye.

Physical

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material.

Mechanical

Properties that involve a reaction to an applied load.

Chemical

Properties that are discovered by observing chemical reactions.

Thermal

Properties of a material that is related to its ability to conduct heat.

Electrical

Properties of a material that is related to its ability to conduct electricity.

Metals, ceramics, polymers, composites

Classification of materials based on types

Aerospace, biomedical, electronics, energy and environmental, magnetic, optical, structural, smart materials,

Classification of materials based on types based on functions

Mass number

Number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Atomic number

Number of protons in an atom.

Atomic symbol

Abbreviation used to represent atom in chemical formulas.

Isotopes

Atoms of elements that have two or more different atomic masses.

Ionic, metallic, network

What are the Primary interatomic bonding

Ionic bond

Formed by the transfer of electron /electrons between two sharply different electronegative elements.

Covalent bond

Sharing of electrons between two similar electronegative elements.

Metallic bond

Formed between metallic elements.

Intermolecular forces

Attraction between molecules

Van der waal forces, dipole-dipole interaction, hydrogen bonding

In secondary bonding, enumerate the intermolecular forces.

Crystalline

The material’s atoms are arrange in a periodic fashion.

Amorphous

The arrangement of the material’s atoms does not have a long-range order

Single crystals

Crystalline materials in the form of one crystal.

Polycrystalline

Crystalline materials with many crystals (crystalline) or grains.

Grain boundaries

Regions between individual crystals in a polycrystalline material.