ATOMIC BOMB TEST (PT 2)

Dust Bowl

a period of severe dust storms and droughts that affected American prairies.

Tennessee Valley Authority

provided resources such as water and grain for Southern Farmers.

Executive Order 9066

All Japanese forced to go to the internment camps

Red Scare

The Americans were scared of Communists

Led to Palmer Raids - falsely tried the eastern european immigrants.

New Deal

alphabet soup

Relief, Recovery, and Reform

Lots of reform organizations’

NRA unconstitutional

NRA

the NRA was ruled unconstitutional because it gave FDR more power. This is because the NRA provided jobs to over 2 million workers, and established fair labor regulations such as maximum hours and minimum wage.

Lend Lease Act

lend money or lease weapons to those whose defense is vital to US defense

Tripartite Pact

Japan, Germany, and Italy

Victory Gardens

200 million Americans planted war gardens in backyards, empty parking lots, and city rooftops.

Precision Bombing

Bombing at a specific place

Indiscriminate Bombing

bombing everywhere not precise

Island Hopping Campaign

Go for the weak islands first.

Took lots of islands.

Pacific fighting was most brutal

D Day in France

Normandy

5 main beaches (Omaha deadliest)

Largest land and sea invasion

Turning point in Europe

German Soldiers surrendered.

Atlantic Wall

Germany makes wall fall

Belgium falls quickly

Battle of Britain (Germany)

Battle of The Bulge

German offensive lost

Allies pushed back

Lost too many soldiers

Initially successful but fatal to overall campaign

Dresden and Berlin

Battle of Berlin was one of the deadliest battles in the world war.

250 000 deaths

Europe destroyed, 6 years of war

Hitler committed suicide

Unit 731

Japanese test unit

Potsdam Conference

July 26

Final Ultimatum towards Japan

Demands unconditional surrender

Germany broken up into 4 sections

Truman hates Stalin

Before Atomic Bomb 💣

US sends pamphlets to Japan warning them about a new secret weapon

The Bomb is tested at the Trinity test site and people can see it from hundreds of miles away.

Revenue Act 1942

Taxing everyone.

National War Labor Board

because they need more laborers they made a regulation that people cannot strike during war.

Office of War Information

Coordinated wartime information and propaganda efforts.

Used various media to promote the war effort.

Rosie the Riveter

we need workers

Empowering and depowering

Women can work male, blue collar jobs

Smith Connelly Act

allowed the federal government to seize and operate industries threatened by or under strikes that would interfere with war production, and prohibited unions from making contributions in federal elections.

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps

asked women to join the coast guard, navy, and marines

Followed army set up women’s units

680 000 women served as nurses.

Little Boy

Uranium bomb dropped over Hiroshima

Fat Man

Plutonium bomb dropped over Nagasaki

Migration patterns during war

People moved from rural to urban areas

Tuskegee Airmen

segregated units, college aged soldiers

Bombing—escort bomber

Red tail on back of plane - they were called red tails

Eleanor Roosevelt asks FDR to tell these soldiers to go home

Most decorated unit

Lost 20 bombers

Double V campaign

Fascism Abroad, Racism at home

1.5 million African Americans

Jim Crow Laws, KKK

Starting in 1942 for 22 years

Mostly agricultural labor

Low pay and long hours

Subject to mistreatment and racism

Immigration and Naturalization Services

repatriate Braceros

Many Braceros stayed in the US beyond their contract

Atlantic Wall

Germany makes wall fall

Belgium falls quickly

British develop enigma code and the radar

Hiiro Inota

he doesn’t know the war is done so he keeps going back to the jungle to fight

Iwo Jima

crucial base to reach Japan

21000 Japanese entrenched and only 2000 survived

Okinawa

start employing something

1000 Kamikaze attacks damaged 300 ships

11000 Japanese and 7600 Americans

1942 Doolittle Raid

Curtis Lemay - all war is immoral

• Firebombing campaign in Japan

• Wants to attack Tokyo

• Napom bombing made people severely injured

• 100000 people died in a night

• People burned alive

• A million are homeless

Lasting Effects of the War

Questions of Loyalty

Loss of Culture

Model Minority

Civil Liberties Act

public apology

Each family received 20 000

No single incident of espionage related to people of Japanese descent

Issei

1st gen Japanese

Nisei

2nd gen Japanese

Concentration Camps

Manzanar

Minidoka

Granada

No No Boys

said no to the loyalty questionnaire

Fred Korematsu

refuses to go to camp

Camp is against the 14th amendment

Hugo Black

decides it is ok to intern Japanese in a court case

Cash and Carry Act

Countries could buy weapons with cash and carry them on ships

Munich Conference

France and Germany in Czechoslovakia

Sudetenland can be annexed

Roosevelt’s 3rd Deal

allows him to finish new deal effects

Axis

Germany, Japan, Italy

Allies

US, Britain, Russia

Theodore Seuss Geisel

makes anti war propaganda

US Allies

oil and steel embargo against Japan

Atlantic Charter

makes countries think US allied with Britain

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

2 ships sunk including Arizona

They came when they weren’t prepared

Never been so attacked on US soil

FDR gives a speech declaring war against Japan

Reasons to Bomb

Intimidate countries, end war, show the USSR we are getting ahead, we don’t want to see the Soviet Union expand

Reasons Not To Bomb

Will make us look bad in front of other countries, immoral

Innocent civilians will be harmed