U2 - Redox Reactions

What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?

What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?

Oxidation is Loss Reduction is Gain

What are spectator ions?

Spectator ions - ions that don’t participate in a chemical reaction. They stay the same between reactant and products.

What do half reactions represent? Are they the same as the net ionic equation?

Half reactions - reactions that show what happen to individual atoms/ions in a reaction

• they are not the same as a net ionic equation

How do you balance a net ionic equation?

Start with balancing the numbers then add electrons to the side where electrons are lossed.

Is a double displacement a redox reaction?

No it isn’t. The charges on eat atom don’t change

What is an oxidation number?

In Ionic Compounds - the charges associated with individual atoms

Caovalent compounds - charge an atom would have if it was a more electronegative atom

How many rules are there for assigning oxidation numbers?

There are 9 rules

Rule 1

What is the oxidation number of any uncombined (standalone element)?

Oxidation number is 0. Anything with a (s) beside can be assumed as 0

eg: Na(s) has an oxidation number of 0

Rule 2

What is the oxidation number of a monoatomic ion?

oxidation number equals to the charge on the ion.

example: Cl- has an oxidation number of -1

Rule 3

In a binary compound, which element is assigned the charge equal to if it were an ion?

The more electronegtive element will be assigned the charge equal to if it were an ion

eg: oxidation number of O in NO is -2

Rule 4

What is the oxidation numberof fluorine in a compound?

oxidation number is -1

Rule 5

Oxygen will always have what oxidation number?

When it is combined with the oxidation number is .

When it is in a peroxide, the oxidation number is .

Oxygen will always have an oxidation number of -2.

Unless it is combined with F, the oxidation number is +2.

When it is in a peroxide, the oxidation number is -1

Rule 6

What is the oxidation number of H in most compounds? When combined with a metal, what is the oxidation number?

oxidation number in most compounds is +1. when combined with a metal the oxidation number is -1.

Rule 7

In compounds, groups 1,2 and Al have oxidation numbers of what?

They have oxidation numbers of +1, +2, +3

Rule 8

In a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers is

Sum is 0

Rule 9

In a polyatomic ion, the sum of the oxidation numbers equals what?

Sum equals the charge of the ion.

What is a reducing agent? An what is an oxidizing agent?

Reducing agent - the element being oxidized that helps the other be reduced.

Oxidizing agent - the element being reduced that helps the other be oxidized.

As you move to the top of a “strength of oxidizing and reducing agents table” or a “standard electrode potentials in an aq solution” table, what are those agents called? As they spontaneous?

SOA - Strongest oxidizing agent

Yes they are spontaneous

As you move to the bottom of a “strength of oxidizing and reducing agents table” or a “standard electrode potentials in an aq solution” table, what are those agents called?

SRA - Strongest reducing agent

In a galvanic cell, the element being oxidized is the _____.

What type of ion flows through the salt bridge to the _________

In a galvanic cell, the element being oxidized is the Anode__.__

Anions flows through the salt bridge to the anode

In a galvanic cell, the element being reduced is the _____.

What type of ion flows through the salt bridge to the _________

In a galvanic cell, the element being reduced is the Cathode__.__

Cations flows through the salt bridge to the cathode

State line notation for galvanic cells

anode | electrolyte || electrolyte | cathode

What is the equation of cell potentials in galvanic cells?

ΔEr cell = Er cathode - Er anode