all inclusive intro final study guide

How many picadores are there? and what is their job?

2, to jab the bull

How many Banderilleros are there? What does their name mean?

3, little flaggers

what are the rejoneadores

lancers

what does recortadores mean

the edgers

El paseillo

the beginning of the corrida and is considered the parade

Who is the balcony for?

president

What is the Panuelos

handkerchiefs

white handkerchief

Command the beginning of the corrida (show), the exit of each bull, the change of tercio, warnings and grant of trophies

Green handkerchief

Return the bull to the corral (farmyard)

red handkerchief

Command black banderillas

Blue handkerchief

Authorize bull's laps around the ring

Orange handkerchief

Pardon the bull

Whats the bullfighting team called

Cuadrilla

Who is on the team?

1 bullfighter, 2 picadores, 3 banderilleros

What is the bullfighting event called

Corrida

Whats involved in the event

3 bullfighters
6 bulls (and a spare)
Order: the first torero goes first with a bull, then the second torero with another bull, then the third, then the first again with his second bull, then the second and third.
3 tercios (thirds), 2 suertes (capes)

What do they yell every time the bull dodges

Ole

When is the bullfighting season

Spring to fall

What time is the bullfight at?

5-7pm

What is toro de osborne

The specific black bull they use within the bullfights

How long is the fight normally

2 hours

What does toro bravo mean

The bulls that are raised to fight

What does toro de lidia mean?

How the bulls need to be raised in liberty

Bull of Crete

One of the 12 works of Hercules was to capture it, since it was causing damage in Crete

why is it called holy week?

because it is an entire week of holidays:
holy monday
holy tuesday...
holy saturday
sunday of resurrection

why is it called good friday

viernes de dolores
because it gets rid of all of our sins because he died that day

what are the seven sorrows of mary

1. The prophecy of Simeon. 2. The flight into Egypt.
3. The loss of the Child Jesus in the temple.
4.The meeting of Jesus and Mary on the Way of the Cross.
5.The Crucifixion.
6.The taking down of the Body of Jesus from the Cross.
7. The burial of Jesus in sepulcher

what is domingo de ramos

- remembering the triumphal entrance of jesus in jersusalem during passover (jewish celebration)
- riding a donkey (jewish symbol of royalty) revealing himself as king of the jews
- received with palm leaves (jewish symbol of rejoicing)

how many parades are there

at least one each day. sometimes more

what do the colors of parade symbolize

red: blood of christ
purple: penance
black: mourning
each is organized and defrayed by a cofradia (brotherhood) in a specific church/parish

what is a cofrada

member of the parade (brother)

what is a nazareno

- carry a cross or candle
- represent and remember the passion suffered by jesus of Nazareth
- wear capirote
- some walk barefoot as a promise to the virgin god or to expiate

what is the hat that the nazarenos wear called

capirote, historical symbol of penance, repentance and expiration of sins

what are the penitents

empalos (impaled) in Valverde de la vera (caceres)
disciplinantes (following fanciscan disciplinary belief)

what is a costalero

carry the paso (float) over their shoulders, suffering the weight on their costals or ribs

christ tied to the column

Carried throughout the city in the procesiones (parades)
Many of these sculptures were created by artists in previous centuries. E.g. Cofradía de Ntro. Padre Jesús Nazareno in Murcia = Francisco Salzillo (XVIII sculptor)
People watching from both sides of the street. You could bring collapsible chairs or pay for those provided by the city council

what instruments are played during the parade

drums and trumpets

What does the Primary Sector include?

1. Agriculture: olive (1st), Barley, wheat
2. Ranching: 4th worldwide producer of pork, 1st producer of jamon (salt-cured ham)
3. Fishing: 4.000 km coastline

Jamón (cheaper to more expensive)

1. Jamón Serrano: "from the mountain" = cured in a cool dry place vs Jamón (de) York or Jamón cocido "boiled ham"
2. Jamón Ibérico de cebo: "Iberian ham of fodder"
50% Iberian breed
3. Jamón Ibérico de bellota: "Iberian ham of acorn", Bred in liberty in meadows, Typical "dehesa" of Extremadura

Jamón de Pata Negra "Black Legged Ham"

Fodder Ham: pigs in cage
Iberian Acorn Ham: pigs in wild

D.O.P. (Denominación de Origen Protegida) Certificate of Origin

1. Jamón de Jabugo (Huelva)
2. Jamón de Teruel
3. Jamón de Guijuelo (Salamanca)
4. D.O.P. Dehesa de Extremadura

Queso D.O.P.

- Manchego (Castilla La Mancha)
- Cabrales (Asturias)
- Tetilla (Galicia)
- Mahón "Mahonesa" (Palma)
- Torta del Casar (Extremadura)
- Al vino (Murcia)

Wine D.O.P.

- Ribera de Duero
(Duero's Riverbank)
-Rioja
-Castilla La Mancha
-Jumilla (Murcia)
-Albariño (Galician grape)
-Cava (Catalan Champagne)

What are the 4 fishing grounds?

Cantabrian
Gulf of Cádiz
Mediterranean
Canaries

What are the main fish captured?

Sardine
Anchovy
Octopus
Tuna (Bonito del Norte)

What is Castilla La Mancha known for and GDP? (main agricultural regions)

(8'5 GDP): Cereal, cheese, wine

What is Extremadura known for and GDP? (main agricultural region)

(6'4): Jamón

What is Aragón known for and GDP? (main agricultural region)

(6'3): Cereal (wheat, barley, rye, corn), fruit

What is Andalucía known for and GDP? (main agricultural region)

(6)
-Plastic Sea of Almería (Greenhouses)
-Agrarian income for day laborers "jornaleros" (campaigns, migrate to France)
-Strawberry of Huelva
-Olive in Jaén: biggest olive grove 20% world production (Andaluces de Jaén)

What is la Rioja known for?

wine

What is Castilla y León known for?

Cereal, wine, cold meats (chorizo, salchichón, jamón)

What is Murcia

The Vegetable Garden of Europe (+Almería)

What is Valencia known for?

Oranges

What is the Canaries known for?

Bananas (Plátanos)

What is the second sector of Spain's economy?

Industry

Industry

20'8% GDP
13% employment

What are the main productions of Industry?

1. Vehicles: Galicia, CyL, Cat, Val, Nav
2. Steel: North: PV, Asturias (mines)
3. Naval construction: Civil and Military
-North: Asturias, Galicia, PV
-Navantia: Cádiz, Ferrol, Cartagena
4. Textile and Shoes: East: Cataluña, Valencia
5. High-Speed Trains
- 40% worldwide projects
- 83% exports to 5 continents
- Saudi Arabia (Mecca-Medina), Crossrail (London), Marmaray (Istanbul)
6. Renewable Energy
Center: Wind turbines (5th world producer wind energy)

How does the landscape change in Castilla La Mancha and who wrote about this?

Windmills
Don Quijote jousting against the "Giants"

How much does the construction industry make up?

- 6% GDP
- 6'6% employment
- Important sector in Spain: Tourism
- 22% of owners have more than one house: Vacation residence (beach or village) or as investment
- 2008 "Brick Crisis" = 1'5 houses for each household (highest in world). 22% unemployment

What is the third sector of Spain?

Services

About Services

- 67'9% GDP
- 76% Employment
= Tourism 12% GDP + 10% employment
=Commerce 10% national
-2nd most visitors (Fr)
-Fragile: depends on external factors

Pensions

- Only 58% population active
- The biggest outlay in the General State Budget: 42%
- Lowest fertility rate in EU (only surpassed by Malta): 1'2 children per woman
- Pyramid scheme

Monarchies' and Republics' expenditures

Republican Presidential Budgets:
Italy: 228
France: 112 M€
Germany: 20
Portugal: 16
Greece: 6
Ireland: 3

Taxes

Sales
4%: Unprocessed food
10%: Processed food & some services
- Public transportation
- Culture: Cinema, Theatre
- Bars & Restaurants, Hotels
21% Rest of goods & services

Other taxes

Companies:
Small <10M turnover & <50 employees = 23% (25%)
Medium <50M & <250 employees = 23%
Big >50M & >250 empl. = 25% (33%)

Assets = 0,4-7% (Exemption 1'5M)

Income = 8-40%

Social Security (42%) 6 - 36:
- Unemployment 1'55% - 7%
- Disability 4'8% - 17%
- Training 0'1% - 2'3%

Freelancers 34%
Ex: Monthly gross salary = 1850
S.S. = 120 - 475 (total 595)
Income = 275
Total net = 1450

Taxes of the CCAA

- Inheritance & donation 7-35%
- Patrimony transmission (real estate, building, land) 8-10%
- Vehicle transmission 4-6%
- Documented Judicial Acts 0'5%

Taxes of the local governments

- Property Tax (house) 300-600/y
- Circulation 70-250/y
- Terraces (5-6 tables) 500/y
- Entrances (no parking) 100/y
- Capital gains in property sales = 25% over the increase of value

"A don Dinero" by Francisco de Quevedo

- Francisco Gómez de Quevedo Villegas y Santibáñez Cevallos
- Madrid 1580-Valladolid 1645
- Father secretary to Phillip II's sister and his 4th wife. Mother lady in waiting of queen
- Nobleman and writer: poetry, prose, theatre...
- Master of Spanish language. Rhetoric figures: calambur

Entre el clavel y la rosaSu majestad escoja

Between the carnation and the rose, your majesty, choose

Rivalry between two giants of the Golden Age (Siglo de Oro)

XVII century: The Golden Age of the Spanish Literature
Cervantes (1547-1616): The witty nobleman Don Quixote de La Mancha 1605-15
1492- 1681: Publication of Castilian Grammar - death of last writer Calderón de la Barca (Life is a dream 1635)
Authors: Lope de Vega (rivalry with Cervantes), Tirso de Molina (Don Juan in The libertine of Seville)
Mysticism: St. Theresa of Jesus & St. John of the Cross

Don Juan

- Recurring character in Spanish literature
- Archetype of a gallant, beau, Casanova, womanizer
- Appeared first time in El burlador de Sevilla play 1630 by Tirso de Molina
- Famous in Don Juan Tenorio. Play by José Zorrilla 1844

Sonnet to a nose

man glued to nose?

when were autonomias establishes

- 1978 with the constitution
- created 1979-1995
- first: catalonia, PV, Galicia
- last: ceunta and melilla

Constitution of 1978: Autonomies

- the map changed
- Madrid and La rioja were added communities

Jurisdictions (CCAA)

-Health
-Education: co official language not spanish
-Culture
-Tourism
-Urbanism (housing)
-Infrastructure: Roads, Harbor, Airport, Railroad
-Environment (Agriculture, Hunting, Fishing)

Jurisdictions (State)

- Some states can have more or less depends on negotiations
-Foreign Relations
-Customs
-National Defense
-Monetary System
-Justice
-IRS (Interna Revenue)
-Referendum call

Transfer of Jurisdictions

-País Vasco and Navarra considered "Historical Regions"
-Collect taxes ("Navarre convention" or "Basque Quota") > Transfer to State
-Rest CCAA: State collects > Decides how much to transfer
-Rodalies Cataluña (Cercanías "proximities") transferred 2010
-Catalonia = they steal from us (about the taxes)

State Security Corps

Land Army (Ejército de Tierra)
Air Force (Ejército del Aire)
Navy (Armada)

National Police
Local Police
Civil Guard:
- Oldest Corps
- 1844 (Isabel II)
- Military nature
- Tricornio (three-horned) hat (past: normal uniform, now: formal uniform)
- Emblem: bundle of rods (authority) and sword in surrender position (unique in heraldry) symbol force at the service of legal authority.

Autonomous Police corps

- País Vasco = Ertzaintza
- Navarra = Policía Foral
- Cataluña = Mossos d'esquadra (squad lads)
---Barcelona (Local Police) = Guàrdia Urbana
- País Vasco (Local Police) = Udaltzaingoa

Basque Nationalism

-Sabino Arana (1865-1903)
-Basque politician and ideologist: father of Basque Nationalism
-Founder of PNV (Partido Nacionalista Vasco) Basque Nationalist Party (traditionalist)
-Contrast with Leftist Nationalism (Izquierda Aberzale)
-Ikurriña: Ikur (symbol) + uhn (cloth)

Nationalism XIX c.

-Identification Nation-State
-Leaving the feudal concept of territory ownership
-Land is a representation of the identity of the people (language, culture, customs, folklore), not an accumulation of disperse territories by a king, dynasty or liege.
-Art movement: romanticism in literature, painting, music, philosophy

Basque Language

-Languages all come from Latin except Basque which is previous of Visigothic and remains are not complete
-New grammatic and phonetics
-Neologisms by S. Arana
-Euzkadi (eguzki=sun, -di = abundance)
-Euzkera, Euzk- (Euskal-Herria)
A = Masculine
E = Feminine
B/D/G = P/T/K
F = P
C/Q = K
S/Z = TS / TZ or X
V = B
CH = TX
-Vasconia (Romans)
-Señorío (estate) of Vizcaya
-Count of Gascuña or Vascongadas (XVII-XX)

Which is not a part of flamenco music?

Tacon

which is not a member of the cuadrilla?

alfarero

what is true about a caballo de rejoneo?

bull should never touch it

what is false about the paseillo?

happens at the end of every bullfight (it happens at the beginning)

how many banderilleros are in there in a cuaderilla

3

which of these perform taurokatapsia

recortadores

which is the tercio de varas (third of spears)

the first one

how many suertes are there?

2

what color is the muleta

red

what time does a corrida usually start?

5-7 PM

the bullfighting season is usually

from spring to fall

the celebrations of the holy week begin

friday of sorrow: viernes

how many suffers did mary suffer (virgen de los Dolores)

7

what does the conical headwear of nazarenos represent?

symbolizes penance and expiation of sins

what do nazarenos carry in procesiones

cross, several crosses, or candle (all of the above)

who carry the pasos (floats)

costaleros

nazarenos are part of a brotherhood called

cofradia

music in procesion is played by

trumpets and drums